Used for some plant-based polymer resins in outdoor wood coatings and furniture coatings

Tijs Nabuurs and Maud Kastelijn and DSM Coating Resins of the Netherlands
present a paper on plant-based alternatives to monoliths such as petroleum-based (methyl) acrylics. At least in terms of performance, outdoor wood coatings and furniture coatings (using raw materials containing 40% plant-based) are comparable to petroleum-based control formulations.
polymer base containing (methyl) acrylic as raw material has been used in the coatings market for a long time
in
. As the planet's natural resources become increasingly depleted and climate change increases, the paint industry is under increased pressure to find alternatives to plant-based raw materials. Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been many studies on renewable alternatives to current coating polymers. Most studies have used vegetable oils or sugars and modified wood structures to obtain meth. The resulting polymer, despite its many advantages, is still not a substitute for modern coatings in the indoor furniture or outdoor industrial wood products market.
has been proposed to use a variety of methods to produce coating (partial) plant-based polymer substations that can actually provide coatings (partially) to prepare renewable monomers, but so far there is no information related to the commercialization of such plant-based materials.
in this paper, you will learn that it is feasible to produce some plant-based polymer resins for industrial coatings and wood coatings through emulsion polymerization. This paper will also compare some coatings produced from some plant-based polymers with products prepared from petrochemical raw materials.
of this paper is limited to emulsion polymerization. A detailed description of the technology has previously been published.Technical background and commercial situation
The use of plant-based materials instead of petroleum-based materials for resin synthesis, it is necessary to find suitable commercialized plant-based monosomes, but it is not currently possible to obtain commonly used acrylic and methyl acrylic monosomes from renewable resources.
the past decade, various methods of producing acrylic and methyl acrylic using plant-based resources have been developed, for example, using 3-hydroxypropyl acid or propylene triol to prepare acrylic.
synthetic gas (consisting mainly of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) can be used to prepare methyl acrylic. At present, this synthetic gas is derived from petroleum-based resources and is clearly also available from renewable sources.
, however, plant-based acrylic and methyl acrylic are not currently commercially available and can only be used using other monosome materials. In free-form polymerization, not all double bonds are reactive, and the monoliths that are actually used for emulsion polymerization need to conform to the common structure shown in Figure 1.
For example, if acrylates and methyl acrylates monosomes, X and Y are oxygen, and R1 is hydrogen or methyl, it is expected that there will be five different plant-based structures that are not only reactive in free-form polymerization, but also have the potential for commercial application.results are
- several plant-based alternatives to petrochemical-based methyl acrylates monos are now available. The most likely of these include phyconate binary esters and methyl acrylates monosomes made with plant-based alcohols.
- Other plant-based monosomes have problems with activity that is too slow or too fast, or that have not yet been commercially available.
- self-interlinking outdoor wood coating and two-component isocyanate cross-linking furniture paint, are prepared using a 40% plant-based source carbon base. After preliminary testing of such coatings, it was found that their performance was comparable to that of petroleum-based control formulations.
- Polymer substates containing about 40% plant-based content (in terms of total carbon content) are currently available. In the next 5 years, new base materials with higher plant-based content are expected to be available.
Table 1 Exterior varnish and color paint formula based on self-linked substation
varnish formula
color paint formula
base material

70.6
55.6
water
18.18. 6
5.3
glycol butyl ether
2.2
2.5
Thixol 53L (1:10 to water)
72
5
DaproDF7580
0.6
0.4
Borchigel L75 (1:1 with water)
0.8
0.6
Disperbyk
2015
1.5
Tego Foamex 810
0.3
Kronos 2190
24
ammonia (25%)

The first practical alternative described in this paper,
which uses phytoaline alcohols
in methyl acrylates monosomes (see R2 in Figure 1
), is to increase the pH to 8.9plant-based substitutes in methyl acrylic vinegar
From the point of view of polymerization activity, these monobodies can be added directly to the active monosome, which is a very practical method.
, the other advantage of these monomers in polymer performance is well understood. Unfortunately, not all alcohols used in (methyl) acrylic monosomes are available from renewable sources. Other factors need to be considered if this method is used, as renewable content may be limited depending on the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol.
acrylic monosome obtained from plant-based alcohols, the bio-based concentration (calculated as carbon atoms) ranged from 25% (meth) to 73% (sinki). In the case of methyl acrylates, the range is 20% to 67%. From this point of view, long-chain alcohols are more likely to produce a reasonable concentration of renewable carbon coatings.
acrylic monosomes containing ethanol or orthobutanol are used in existing commercial solutions. Other options, such as acrylic 2-sin esters and methyl acrylic iso-ice sheet esters, are also presented in the references. In particular, acrylic 2-sin esters are interesting, it has a high re-biological content, it seems to be able to easily replace the commonly used acrylic 2-ethyl hetamine.
Figure 1 can be used for the general structure of free-form polymerization monosomes
Figure 2 structure of Methylene-methyl-necides ithyric acid: promising future, but still problems
The second plant-based alternative described in this paper is dianaline esters (DRI) of ireconate. Among them, R1 in Figure 1 is CH2C (0)0R2 base, X and Y are oxygen. Since the 1960s, it has been produced by fermentation, and the current sugar fermentation is the most suitable method of production.
as mentioned earlier, plant-based alternatives prepared with the most common alcohol residues are usually quite expensive. Then, using petroleum-based alcohols obviously lowers the plant-based content of the DRI monogam. When methyl esters are replaced with esters, the bio-based content of the DRI monosome is reduced from 71% to 24%.
100% bio-renewable monosome with drI monosomes containing plant-based alcohols in the same area. Among them, such as DMI and methylate (0BI) such as 100% plant-based melatonin monosome, there are currently commercial application sales channels.
the use of chloroconate in substrates has two major advantages: glassy transition temperature (see Cowie et al.) and water solubility can be comparable to methyl acrylates containing the same alcohols.
the use of chloroconate in emulsion polymerization, there are also many problems, such as R1 base is too large, resulting in low activity. The chain length constant of iconate d'alkyl esters is usually controlled in the range of 5 to 10 l/mole.s.
, it can be seen that it is difficult to prepare dried monomer concentration, high monomer conversion rate and high molecular weight of iconate d'alkyl esters functional co-polymer. However, this can be improved by controlling the aggregation conditions and optimizing the polymerization process.
2 performance comparison of outdoor wood coatings (containing all petrochemical-based monosomes or resins made from some plant-based monosomes
Varnish Formula
Color-based
Picide-based
Plant-based
Num-based
Plant-based


contains the most biomass (in terms of carbon content)
0%
40%
0%
40%
early water resistance (4h) x
2/5
3// 5
early anti-adhesion (wet film thickness 500mu)
4
4
3
3
fracture elongation (110mu)
117
122


94
96
(MPa)
8
12
7.5
7.5
Impact Resistance (N) - RT/7
8/6
7/6
8/7
9/7
Outdoor exposure (24m)
good
good
QUV EN 927-6 (2016 h)
good
Good
Gardner (357 cycles)
good
good
x 0-difference 5-excellent bartoate and propylene esters: the emergence of a pair of paradoxes
bartoate, providing a bio-based monosome of the third plant-based scheme. For example, bazuic acid can be obtained from plant-based raw materials through thermal decomposition of 3-hydroxybutylate. Although its structure is very similar to that of methyl acrylates, it is not sufficiently efficient to co-polymerization to form co-polymers and can therefore be excluded.
a fourth type of plant-based monolith, meddehypropylate. Figure 1 shows R1 as C (0) 0R2, which is produced using a renewable component such as 3-hydroxypropyric acid. As early as the 1940s, Bachman et al. have introduced the synthesis of MMEG.
because the double bonds of MMEP can achieve secondary activation, these monosomes are highly reactive, especially in anion polymerization. They are also quite resuming when anions are polymerized, and even when in contact with non-acidic water, these monoses spontaneously polymerized. Therefore, it is not practical to use mmethyl propylene date in emulsion polymerization. has not yet found a viable future solution
the last category V potential plant-based monosome is the α-Methane structure shown in Figure 2. The introduction of the monoidant dates back to 1947, and its free-form polymerization was also introduced in 1979, the same year the co-polymerization of α-Medylbutylene esters with methyl acrylates, styrene, acrylamide and acrylic was introduced.
α polymerization reaction of methyltin esters is very fast and is very conducive to the formation of coating film, for example, when T9 reaches 19S "C. Unfortunately, the product is not currently on the market.
, the use of erythropoietics and (methyl) acrylates is currently the most ideal solution for the generation of some bio-based co-polymers.
formulation for table 3 indoor two-part NCO curing coatings. The performance of cross-linked coatings can be found in Table 4.
varnish formula
base
100
water
4.4
di glycol butyl ether
8
Rsdiasolve75 29
2
Tego Airex 902W
0.6
CosrexBRlOOP - (1:1 ratio to water) increased water Thick leveling agent
1
Bayhyduf2655- (701% MPA solution) water-based PU curing agent
18.1
water
10
.
.
biomass content

carbon content
carbon content) in petroleum-based
plant-based
gloss (20 s/60 s)
58/ 80
64/89
chemical resistance
ethanol
1h
5
5
red wine
6h
4 to 5

5

16h
5
5

16h
5
5
mustard
6h
3

3
onion juice
6h
3 to 4
3 to 4
x 0 - difference 5 - excellent
self-linked outdoor paint performance
in this section, We compared the film-forming properties of resins based on some plant-based materials with the film-forming properties of petroleum-based monoliths, in addition to the single-component self-linking coatings used in outdoor wood and the two-component NCO curing coatings for indoor furniture.
first to see a single group of self-linked coatings containing ketone ergonome resin, it can react with polyamide when forming a film, has been the outdoor wood coating market standard products. Choose a representative commercially available resin (usually containing methyl acrylates and acrylics).