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Pancreatic beta cells under electron microscope
.
The white circle visible in the center of the cell corresponds to the fat storage droplet
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem, affecting nearly 10% of the global population
.
An excessively sedentary life>
Type 2 diabetes is caused by dysfunction of the pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin secretion
.
This impairs the regulation of blood sugar levels and can lead to serious heart, eye and kidney complications
When fat helps beta cells
To distinguish between the effects of fat and sugar, the scientists exposed cells to excess sugar and fat, and then combined the two
.
The toxicity of sugar was first demonstrated: cells exposed to high sugar levels secreted far less insulin than normal
.
"When cells are exposed to too much sugar and too much fat at the same time, they store fat in droplets to herald less prosperous times," said a researcher in the Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism at the University School of Medicine, who said Lucie Oberhauser, first author of the work explained
.
"Surprisingly, we have shown that instead of worsening the situation, this fat reserve restores insulin secretion to near-normal levels
Basic uses of fat
By further analyzing the changes in the cells, the team realized that the fat droplets were not stored statically, but rather a dynamic cycle of storage and mobilization
.
Thanks to these released fat molecules, cells adapt to the excess sugar, maintaining near-normal insulin secretion
Scientists are now trying to determine the mechanism by which the released fat stimulates insulin secretion, hoping to discover a way to delay the onset of diabetes
Magazine
Diabetologia
DOI
10.
