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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Feed Industry News > Thinking on several problems of grain wholesale market

    Thinking on several problems of grain wholesale market

    • Last Update: 2003-03-27
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Introduction: Abstract Abstract: China's grain wholesale market can be divided into two types: one is set up by the relevant departments of the government with reference to foreign experience for standardized design; the other is formed spontaneously on the basis of grain market, and selected, guided, planned and constructed by the relevant departments These two kinds of grain wholesale markets are different in nature, strictly different and standardized in development The concept of h6i1 grain wholesale market h6i grain wholesale market has two explanations: one is the place theory, that is, the grain wholesale market is the place for the bulk trade of grain commodities; the other is the organization theory, that is, the grain wholesale market is a circulation service organization for the bulk trade of grain commodities H6i place theory holds that market, as the basic category of commodity economy, its most basic meaning is the place of commodity exchange As most of the circulation of grain commodities is carried out through the grain market, the grain market has become the necessary carrier of the circulation of grain commodities Without the grain market, the exchange of grain commodities and the circulation of grain commodities will not exist because of the loss of its space According to h6i's organizational theory, in the development of grain wholesale market, in order to give full play to the advantages of large-scale operation of centralized trading in space, limit the excessive increase of grain wholesale links, and strengthen the management of grain market, the government will choose appropriate places to invest in the construction of special grain wholesale market Its relationship with the spontaneously formed grain wholesale market is that the latter is the foundation of the former and the former is the inevitable result of the latter The essential difference between the two is that the spontaneously formed grain wholesale market only exists as a place for Grain Exchange, while the government run grain wholesale market exists as a form of circulation organization, with special buildings, full-time personnel providing a series of services for grain commodities, and special managers and management organizations The organization has a strict transaction qualification examination system and transaction settlement system, and can only conduct transactions after it has passed the examination and registration and obtained the legal person qualification In this way, it becomes a standardized economic organization It has made great progress in its organizational form, trading norms, radiation scope, market management and other aspects compared with the spontaneously formed grain wholesale market The place theory of h6i grain wholesale market is dialectical Historically, there are first places for wholesale of grain, then organizations for wholesale of grain; first there is the practice of batch trading in centralized places, then there is the objective necessity for the government to manage the centralized trading, and then there are organizations specially investing in the construction of the wholesale market of grain On the contrary, the new trade service organization promotes the development of food trade place H6i grain wholesale market, as an economic organization, only provides sites, facilities and trading services for bulk grain trading for both the buyer and the seller and their agents In this way, its founder may become the fair manager of the transaction In order to ensure the objective and fair bulk trading of grain, market operators often need to formulate trading principles and regulate the operation behavior of entry traders And the operators of grain commodities entering the market should act in accordance with the uniform rules and regulations to form fair trade competition In this way, the whole grain wholesale market reflects an organizational nature The special building place, the appointed trading time, the clear trading rules and the unified settlement method make the grain wholesale market become a kind of place of grain commodity exchange at the same time H6i2 grain wholesale market function h6i2.1 grain distribution function h6i grain commodities produced by Chinese farmers need to be sold quickly to realize their value If there is no grain wholesale market as an intermediate link, there will be many transactions, small batches, high transaction costs, high risks and low efficiency, which will make the "selling difficulty" and "buying difficulty" of grain commodities alternate, causing serious social and economic problems The strong vitality of grain wholesale market lies in its ability to attract and gather customers and grain commodities from all over the country, and then spread to all parts of the country, so that the value of grain commodities can be realized quickly and the use value can be transferred smoothly H6i 2.2 price formation function h6i Because the grain wholesale market has the function of distributing and distributing grain commodities in a large range, grain commodities from all parts of the country compete in the same field The same grain commodity can be compared and priced according to quality, which is conducive to the rapid formation of prices reflecting the value of grain commodities and the relationship between supply and demand The prices produced by the grain wholesale market are relatively real, which can stabilize grain merchants to a certain extent The role of market price For example, the trading price of Zhengzhou grain wholesale market, which is formed through openness, equality and competition, is called "Zhengzhou price" Through the propaganda of news media, it has become an important basis for relevant departments to formulate policies, enterprises and farmers to determine production and management decisions, and plays a price oriented role in the national grain market Now, Zhengzhou price has become the guiding price of grain trade in China H6i 2.3 information center function h6i accurate information is very important for grain producers and operators, while the grain wholesale market connects the two ends of production and demand, and there are many sources of grain information In addition, the grain wholesale market has a variety of information transmission in the segment, which is a good place to collect, sort out and release information, and has actually become a grain information center H6i2.4 function of regulating supply and demand h6i because grain is greatly affected by natural conditions, its production and supply are more uncertain than other commodities, while grain commodity consumption is relatively balanced Therefore, it is very difficult to balance the supply and demand of food commodities What people can try to do is try to avoid the serious imbalance of supply and demand and the sharp fluctuation of prices And the grain wholesale market is a good place for regulating market supply and demand and predicting prices The characteristics of large-scale grain distribution in grain wholesale market make it have an important impact on grain supply and demand, and it can also coordinate the relationship between grain production and marketing through price and other information services H6i3 grain wholesale market model h6i3.1 the main body of the grain wholesale market h6i First, the start-up manager is composed of the market management organization jointly dispatched by the superior business competent department and the government where the market is located It can also be composed of a management organization independently dispatched by the local government where the market is located and supervised by the superior competent business department Its main functions are to supervise the trading of grain market and maintain normal operation: to formulate the rules and regulations of the market and be responsible for their implementation; to guide the operation by the temporary supervisor, to check and confirm the qualification, capital status and business scope of the traders; to formulate the standard of facility use fee and be responsible for the maintenance; to formulate the market construction and transformation plan: to be responsible for the safety and health of the market; to engage in the publicity related to the market and business Popularization; consultation and coordination with relevant regions and departments H6i 2 The entry trader shall be an economic legal person with good credit Grain wholesale market must treat all units approved to enter the market equally In order to ensure the moderate competition of grain wholesale market, a certain number of entry traders should be maintained A trader shall not be allowed to suspend business at will after obtaining qualification The market will punish those who violate the rules H6i three is the market service provider, i.e the enterprise or institution specially providing services for market trading activities and trading personnel: (1) grain settlement center, which is responsible for the identification and approval of trading contracts, the collection of margin, the settlement of trading amount, etc.; (2) grain commodity inspection center, which is responsible for the determination of the grade and quality of grain commodities on the market: (3) The grain information center shall be responsible for the statistics and publication of the quantity and price of grain traded on that day, as well as the government and social information related to the grain market situation; (4) the arbitration committee shall be responsible for the arbitration and adjustment of trade disputes and the investigation and punishment of violations of regulations In addition, it also includes financial, transportation, communication, insurance, security and other institutions H6i 3.2 principle and method of trading in grain wholesale market H6i 3.2.2 the deposit system, once approved and qualified traders, must allocate one-time quota qualification deposit to the market they enter The deposit is still owned by the payer, mainly used for transaction qualification and reputation assurance, and managed by the market settlement department When exiting the market, the deposit shall be returned in full H6i 3.2.3 the regular market opening system market can clearly define its own transaction date according to the actual situation and relevant national policies Once the transaction date is determined, it shall not be changed or changed at will Otherwise, it shall be decided by the market management organization H6i 3.2.4 the price of grain traded on the same day in the grain wholesale market under the price limit system shall not exceed the specified fluctuation range When the market price rises and falls sharply, the market manager has the right to declare the market closed and the trading contract invalid At the same time, the relevant departments shall be reported to take measures for grain handling to stabilize the grain market H6i 3.2.5 transaction contract standardization system h6i 3.2.6 open bidding system, such as auction, negotiation price, etc H6i 3.3 establish a three-level grain wholesale market system h6i First, establish a national and cross regional central grain wholesale market in major distribution centers of agricultural products, transport centers and large cities with dense consumers The central grain wholesale market shall be approved by the State Council, guided by the State Grain Administration and managed by the local government Its main function is to organize the wholesale trade of grain among provinces, guide the grain market price of the whole country, and balance the supply and demand of agricultural products market For example, Zhengzhou grain wholesale market has more than 300 members, with an annual turnover of more than 4 billion kg of all kinds of grain and oil, and a turnover of nearly 4 billion yuan, covering more than 20 provinces, cities and autonomous regions It has many advantages in adjusting the surplus and deficiency, standardizing the transaction, guiding the price and supervising the mediation, which fully shows the strength of the national wholesale market H6i second is to establish a regional grain wholesale market, also known as "local grain wholesale market", which is generally located in the production area, approved by the people's Government of each province, city and autonomous region, and managed, organized and supervised by the grain department (bureau) at the same level China has a vast territory and its grain commodities are greatly affected by geographical conditions It is difficult to achieve this by relying on the circulation of the central grain wholesale market alone Especially in today's imperfect central grain wholesale market, it is of great significance to cultivate and set up regional grain wholesale market H6i Third, the establishment of free grain wholesale market is not standardized, and the formalities shall be approved by the local government and relevant departments, and the business license shall be obtained before opening It trades on a smaller scale, even with a small number of retail transactions Generally speaking, free grain wholesale market is closely related to grain market At present, China has more than 80000 agricultural product markets, of which more than 2000 have developed into free agricultural product wholesale markets H6i these three levels of grain wholesale markets should be independent market organizations There is no administrative subordination relationship with government agencies, but the government has the obligation to support it After the establishment of the central, regional and free grain wholesale markets, the grain trade in the whole country will be under the supervision, guidance and control of the government, which will help to build a
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