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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease.
Many patients have suffered from asthma since childhood.
Due to narrowing and inflammation of the airways, shortness of breath and wheezing recurred
.
However, scientists have discovered that there are unexpected "benefits" for asthma
.
According to epidemiological observations, asthma patients seem to be less likely to develop brain tumors than others
.
Recently, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St.
Louis (WUSTL) have found a connection between these two distinct diseases and found a potential treatment that could be used to inhibit the growth of brain tumors
.
The corresponding author of this study, Professor David H.
Gutmann, is an expert in neurofibromatosis (NF)
.
NF is a group of hereditary diseases caused by gene mutations.
It is often diagnosed in infants and young children
.
Tumors may grow on the brain and nerves of the whole body .
When treating children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Professor Gutmann noticed that a type of brain tumor that often occurs in this disease, that is, the optic pathway gliomas that grow on the optic nerve, and There is a negative correlation between asthma
.
▲Professor David H.
Gutmann, the corresponding author of the study (picture source: WUSTL official website) In order to study the reasons behind, the researchers first reproduced this phenomenon in neurofibromatosis model mice
.
After genetic modification, these mice carry the same mutated gene as NF1 patients and will develop visual pathway gliomas at 3 months of age
.
The researchers divided these mice into several groups.
Some of them were exposed to irritating substances such as ovalbumin or house dust mite extract to induce asthma when they were 4 to 6 weeks old, and the others were used as controls
.
As a result, mice with asthma did not detect the appearance of visual pathway gliomas at 3 and 6 months of age
.
Subsequent experiments found a type of immune cells, which may be good for the brain while causing trouble to the airway
.
When mice develop asthma, their T cells begin to secrete a proteoglycan molecule called decorin
.
Asthma researchers have long known that decorin acts on airway tissues to exacerbate asthma symptoms
.
However, Professor Gutmann's team found that decorin has another role in the brain
.
Immune cells in the brain, also known as microglia, will promote the growth and development of brain tumors after activation
.
And decorin can block the activation of microglia by interfering with the NFkappaB signaling pathway
.
▲T cells activated by asthma can help inhibit the activation of brain microglia (picture source: reference [1]) Based on this mechanism, researchers have proposed a new strategy for the treatment of visual pathway glioma
.
"Of course, we will not induce asthma in anyone.
An asthma attack can be fatal
.
"Professor Gutmann said, "But what if we can disguise T cells as asthmatic T cells when they enter the brain, so that they no longer support the formation and growth of brain tumors?" "Researchers treated NF1 model mice with decorin or compounds that inhibit the NFkappaB pathway, and found that both can help mice inhibit the formation of visual pathway gliomas
.
This experiment shows that blocking microglia activation may be a treatment for brain tumors.
Potential method
.
"The most exciting part of this study is that it shows that there is communication between the T cells in the body and the cells in the brain that support the growth of gliomas
.
"Professor Gutmann pointed out that this discovery opens the door to a new type of therapy where T cells interact with brain cells
.
Next, they plan to see if other types of brain tumors can benefit from this treatment strategy; in addition, they are still studying The role of eczema and early childhood infections, because these diseases also involve T cells like asthma
.
It is
hoped that more "unexpected discoveries" from scientists will bring ingenious and effective methods to difficult-to-treat diseases
.
Source of title picture: 123RF Reference: [1] Jit Chatterjee et al.
, (2021) Asthma reduces glioma formation by T cell decorin-mediated inhibition of microglia.
Nature Communications.
Doi: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467 -021-27455-6[2] Asthma may reduce risk of brain tumors—but how? Retrieved Dec.
15, 2021 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-12-asthma-brain-tumorsbut.
html
Many patients have suffered from asthma since childhood.
Due to narrowing and inflammation of the airways, shortness of breath and wheezing recurred
.
However, scientists have discovered that there are unexpected "benefits" for asthma
.
According to epidemiological observations, asthma patients seem to be less likely to develop brain tumors than others
.
Recently, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St.
Louis (WUSTL) have found a connection between these two distinct diseases and found a potential treatment that could be used to inhibit the growth of brain tumors
.
The corresponding author of this study, Professor David H.
Gutmann, is an expert in neurofibromatosis (NF)
.
NF is a group of hereditary diseases caused by gene mutations.
It is often diagnosed in infants and young children
.
Tumors may grow on the brain and nerves of the whole body .
When treating children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Professor Gutmann noticed that a type of brain tumor that often occurs in this disease, that is, the optic pathway gliomas that grow on the optic nerve, and There is a negative correlation between asthma
.
▲Professor David H.
Gutmann, the corresponding author of the study (picture source: WUSTL official website) In order to study the reasons behind, the researchers first reproduced this phenomenon in neurofibromatosis model mice
.
After genetic modification, these mice carry the same mutated gene as NF1 patients and will develop visual pathway gliomas at 3 months of age
.
The researchers divided these mice into several groups.
Some of them were exposed to irritating substances such as ovalbumin or house dust mite extract to induce asthma when they were 4 to 6 weeks old, and the others were used as controls
.
As a result, mice with asthma did not detect the appearance of visual pathway gliomas at 3 and 6 months of age
.
Subsequent experiments found a type of immune cells, which may be good for the brain while causing trouble to the airway
.
When mice develop asthma, their T cells begin to secrete a proteoglycan molecule called decorin
.
Asthma researchers have long known that decorin acts on airway tissues to exacerbate asthma symptoms
.
However, Professor Gutmann's team found that decorin has another role in the brain
.
Immune cells in the brain, also known as microglia, will promote the growth and development of brain tumors after activation
.
And decorin can block the activation of microglia by interfering with the NFkappaB signaling pathway
.
▲T cells activated by asthma can help inhibit the activation of brain microglia (picture source: reference [1]) Based on this mechanism, researchers have proposed a new strategy for the treatment of visual pathway glioma
.
"Of course, we will not induce asthma in anyone.
An asthma attack can be fatal
.
"Professor Gutmann said, "But what if we can disguise T cells as asthmatic T cells when they enter the brain, so that they no longer support the formation and growth of brain tumors?" "Researchers treated NF1 model mice with decorin or compounds that inhibit the NFkappaB pathway, and found that both can help mice inhibit the formation of visual pathway gliomas
.
This experiment shows that blocking microglia activation may be a treatment for brain tumors.
Potential method
.
"The most exciting part of this study is that it shows that there is communication between the T cells in the body and the cells in the brain that support the growth of gliomas
.
"Professor Gutmann pointed out that this discovery opens the door to a new type of therapy where T cells interact with brain cells
.
Next, they plan to see if other types of brain tumors can benefit from this treatment strategy; in addition, they are still studying The role of eczema and early childhood infections, because these diseases also involve T cells like asthma
.
It is
hoped that more "unexpected discoveries" from scientists will bring ingenious and effective methods to difficult-to-treat diseases
.
Source of title picture: 123RF Reference: [1] Jit Chatterjee et al.
, (2021) Asthma reduces glioma formation by T cell decorin-mediated inhibition of microglia.
Nature Communications.
Doi: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467 -021-27455-6[2] Asthma may reduce risk of brain tumors—but how? Retrieved Dec.
15, 2021 from https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-12-asthma-brain-tumorsbut.
html
