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This illustration shows a cancer cell (center) surrounded by immune T cells that enhance an oncolytic (anticancer) virus
The immune system has evolved to protect the body from a wide variety of potential threats
In a new study published in Cancer Cell, Grant McFadden, Masmudur Rahman and their colleagues propose a new treatment that holds promise for refractory cancers
This approach involves a combination of two approaches, each of which has shown considerable success with certain cancers
Oncolytic viruses represent an exciting new avenue for cancer therapy
"This work affirms the enormous potential of combining viral therapy with cell therapy to treat cancers that are currently intractable," McFadden said
Sentinel inside
The immune system is made up of a series of specialized cells that patrol the body and respond to threats
Cancer cells also further hinder the immune system's efforts to hunt and destroy them through a series of evasion strategies
Such approaches typically involve removing a cluster of cancer-fighting white blood cells called T cells, modifying their "seek-and-destroy" abilities, and reinfusing them into the patient
New method delivers combo punches to tumor cells
The development of these therapies has been revolutionary, and some cancer patients facing grim prospects have achieved remarkable recoveries with immunotherapy
The new study highlights the ability of immunotherapy to break through the walls of cancer resistance when combined with viral therapy, particularly using myxoma-equipped T cells
During myxoma-mediated self-harm, cancer cells in the vicinity of the treatment target are also destroyed in a process known as "bystander killing
Therefore, an approach that combines myxoma immunotherapy has the potential to turn so-called "cold tumors" that fly under the immune system's radar into "hot tumors" that immune cells can recognize and destroy, allowing CAR-T cells or TCR cells to enter the tumor Environment, proliferation and activation
"We are on the verge of discovering new aspects of myxoma virus and oncolytic virus therapy," Rahman said
The ability to fundamentally engineer oncolytic viruses such as myxoma to target a range of drug-resistant cancers offers a new frontier in the treatment of this devastating disease
