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of inhaled new crown vaccine.
Experts mentioned that nebulized inhalation immunization can deliver vaccine components to the lungs, and compared with nasal spray vaccines, nebulized inhaled vaccines have a fuller immune response and have the following three potential advantages:
(1) The immune area is larger, and the area of the lung mucosa is about 10,000 times that of the nasal mucosa;
(2) The lungs have more immune cells, rich capillaries, and can store many lymphocytes;
(3) The vaccine entering the lungs can stay in the mucosa for a longer period of time to function, and the immune stimulation is longer-lasting
.
(Summary: Regarding the difference between nasal spray vaccine and inhalation vaccine, it can be seen that inhalation is not equal to nasal spray, what is the difference between the two vaccination methods?) ）
Mucosal immunity with inhaled vaccines has been a topic
of great concern.
Measuring and observing the level of mucosal immune responses in human clinical studies is challenging
due to limitations in testing methods and clinical ethical requirements.
At the meeting, experts disclosed for the first time the level
of mucosal immunity observed in human clinical studies of inhaled new crown vaccines.
The study found that SIgA (secretory immunoglobulin A) in saliva peaked at 14 days of sequential booster immunization of inhaled new crown vaccine, and the mucosal immune response had obvious advantages over inactivated vaccine booster
.
Figure 1.
After receiving 2 doses of inactivated new crown vaccine, they were strengthened with inhaled new crown vaccine or inactivated new crown vaccine, and the level of SIgA in saliva was compared; Blue: 0.
1ml inhaled vaccine; Green: 0.
2ml inhaled vaccine; Orange: Inactivated vaccine
In addition to the advantages of mucosal immunity, experts also introduced the level of humoral immunity produced by sequential reinforcement of
inhaled new crown vaccines.
In 2 different studies, it was found that sequential reinforcement of inhaled new crown vaccine had significant advantages in both the original strain and the Omicron variant (including the BA.
1 and BA.
5 branches), in which the neutralization antibody levels were much higher than those in the inactivated homologous booster group
.
Figure 2.
Antibody levels for different new coronavirus strains, green: low/high-dose inhalation sequential group, gray: inactivated booster group Figure 3.
Neutralizing antibody levels against Omicron BA.
5 variant, green: inhaled new crown vaccine sequential group, dark gray: inactivated booster group, light gray: recombinant protein vaccine sequential group
The results of a domestic multicenter sequential immunization safety study for tens of thousands of people were also publicly disclosed
for the first time.
It is worth emphasizing that the proportion of elderly subjects reached 30%, and the study found that the sequential strengthening of inhaled new crown vaccine after receiving 2 doses of inactivated vaccine had good safety, and the incidence of local adverse reactions was extremely low, and the most common adverse reaction was dry mouth, the incidence was only about 3%, and it was transient
.
This large-scale clinical study fully confirmed the safety of
the inhaled new crown vaccine.
Finally, through a comprehensive horizontal comparison of the immunogenicity data of all mainstream new crown vaccines listed at home and abroad (the level of true virus neutralizing antibodies after conversion of WHO standards, using WHO international IU/ml), it can be seen that the neutralizing antibodies induced by 2 doses of inactivated + 1 dose of inhaled new crown vaccine reached 6054 IU/ml, which was much higher than the sequential vaccination regimen
of other technical routes 。 Since the vast majority of basic immunization in China is inactivated vaccine, this sequential plan is of more guiding significance
for the selection of domestic epidemic prevention and control and booster immunization programs.
*Content source: public number - Wuyou
