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Piracetam is a popular nootropic drug that is known to enhance cognitive function and improve memory.
It belongs to a group of drugs called racetams, which are structurally related to the natural compound, GABA.
In the chemical industry, piracetam is used as an intermediate in the production of other drugs, and it can also be used as a starting material for the synthesis of other racetams.
In this article, we will discuss the upstream and downstream products of piracetam.
Upstream Products
The production of piracetam involves several upstream processes, including the synthesis of the starting material, 2-oxoglutaric acid, and its conversion into piracetam.
The following are some of the upstream products involved in the production of piracetam:
- 2-Oxoglutaric acid: This is the starting material for the synthesis of piracetam.
It is synthesized through the reaction of glutamic acid and oxaloacetic acid, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting nitrile. - Glutamic acid: This is an essential amino acid that is involved in the synthesis of 2-oxoglutaric acid.
It is obtained from other sources such as protein-rich foods or synthesized through microbial fermentation. - Oxaloacetic acid: This is a precursor in the synthesis of 2-oxoglutaric acid.
It is synthesized through the reaction of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting nitrile.
Downstream Products
The production of piracetam also involves several downstream processes, including its purification, formulation, and packaging.
The following are some of the downstream products involved in the production of piracetam:
- Purified piracetam: This is the final product that is obtained after the synthesis and purification of piracetam.
It is typically supplied as a crystalline powder that is used as a starting material for the synthesis of other drugs. - Pharmaceutical formulations: Piracetam is often formulated into different dosage forms such as tablets
