The Upstream and Downstream products of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1)

Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) is a chemical compound that is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
It is also known asDFMO-Ornithine or Difluoromethyl-ornithine hydrochloride hydrate.

Upstream Products
The production of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) involves several upstream products.
One of the key raw materials required for its production is L-ornithine, which is an amino acid that is commonly found in various animal proteins, such as meat, fish, and poultry.
L-ornithine is produced through microbial fermentation or chemical synthesis.

Another important raw material for the production of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) is 2,2-difluoromethyl-1,3-propanediol, which is also known asDFMO.
This is a colorless liquid that is used as a building block for the synthesis of various compounds.
It is produced through a multi-step chemical reaction process that involves the reaction of formaldehyde with sodium hydroxide, followed by the hydrogenation of the resulting intermediate.

Downstream Products
The primary use of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) is as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
One of the most common downstream products is the anti-epileptic drug, gabapentin, which is used to treat a variety of neurological disorders.
Gabapentin is produced by the reaction of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) with a variety of chemicals, including lithium and cyclohexylamine.

Another important downstream product of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) is the dopamine receptor agonist, pramipexole, which is used to treat various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome.
Pramipexole is produced by the condensation of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) with aniline and followed by several chemical reactions.

Other downstream products of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) includeFluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acidprotecting groups, which are used in the synthesis of peptides and other organic compounds.

Production Process
The production of Ornithine, 2-(difluoromethyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1) involves several steps, including the synthesis of L-ornithine, the reaction of 2,2-difluoromethyl-1,3-propanediol with L-ornithine, and the isolation and purification of the resulting product.

The synthesis of L-ornithine typically involves the fermentation of a microorganism, such asBacillus spp.
orCorynebacterium spp.
, using a nutrient medium containing a carbon source, such as glucose or glycerol, and a nitrogen source, such as ammonium or urea.
The microorganisms convert the nutrients into L-ornithine, which can then be extracted from the fermentation broth and purified to obtain pure product.

The reaction of 2,2-difluoromethyl-1,3-propanediol with L-ornithine is typically carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide, and a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
The reaction results in the formation of a mixture of