The Upstream and Downstream products of (3'R)-Ezetimibe

In the chemical industry, the term "upstream" and "downstream" are often used to refer to different stages of the production process.
Upstream refers to the stages that occur before the actual synthesis of the final product, while downstream refers to the stages that occur after the synthesis is complete.
In this article, we will focus on the upstream and downstream products of (3'R)-Ezetimibe, a cholesterol-lowering drug that is used to treat hypercholesterolemia.

Upstream Products

The upstream products of (3'R)-Ezetimibe are the raw materials and intermediates that are used in the synthesis of the final product.
In the case of (3'R)-Ezetimibe, the raw materials used in the synthesis include phosphorus oxychloride, N-bromosuccinimide, and dimethylformamide.
These compounds are first purified and then reacted in a series of chemical reactions to produce the intermediate compounds (E)-3-(4-(dibromomethyl)phenyl)-1-[(2S)-2-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl]-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-c]-quinazolin-7-one and (E)-1-[(2S)-2-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl]-3-(3',R)-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-2-one.

Downstream Products

The downstream products of (3'R)-Ezetimibe are the final product itself and any additional forms or derivatives that are created from it.
The final product, (3'R)-Ezetimibe, is a white to off-white, odorless crystalline powder that is used as a pharmaceutical drug.
It is a prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, (3'R)-simvastatin, in the body.
(3'R)-Simvastatin is a benzylpyrone derivative that is a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.

Other downstream products that can be derived from (3'R)-Ezetimibe include various forms of the drug, such as tablets, capsules, or suspensions, as well as any combination drugs that include (3'R)-Ezetimibe as one of the components.
Additionally, there may be other derivatives of (3'R)-Ezetimibe that are created through chemical modifications or other synthesis methods.

Chemical Synthesis of (3'R)-Ezetimibe

The chemical synthesis of (3'R)-Ezetimibe involves several steps, starting with the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and N-bromosuccinimide to produce the intermediate compound (E)-3-(4-(dibromomethyl)phenyl)-1-[(2S)-2-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl]-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-c]-quinazolin-7-one.
This compound is then treated with dimethylformamide to produce the intermediate compound (E)-1-[(2S)-2-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl]-3-(3',R)-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-2-one.
This compound is then reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to produce the final product, (3'R)-Ezetimibe.

Upstream and downstream products play an important role in the production process of pharmaceutical drugs like (3'R)-Ezetimibe.
The upstream products are the raw materials and intermediates that are used in the synthesis, while the downstream products are the final product and any additional forms or derivatives that are created from it.
The chemical synthesis of (3'R)-Ezetimibe involves several steps