The transformation of animal husbandry from extensive type to benefit type

Introduction: Xining, Xinhuanet, Oct 3 (reporter Ren Xiaogang, Yin Yao, Jia Lijun) Guan Bao is a herdsman in halejing Township, Haiyan County, Qinghai Province Although his grassland and livestock are not many, his income for a year is not low Not only do his family have food and clothing, but also build a spacious and bright house Even the livestock live in a warm "brick house" This kind of life change benefits from the change of production mode, investment in grassland infrastructure, change of the previous way of mountain grazing, and active introduction of fine livestock are the main reasons for the prosperity of the government In Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai and other pastoral areas in China, there are still many herdsmen, such as guguanbao The production and life style of herdsmen is undergoing a huge change - "living by water and grass", a kind of grassland herdsmen who have followed the extensive production mode for thousands of years, is gradually being replaced by the emerging benefit type of animal husbandry For thousands of years, grassland herdsmen have always followed the traditional production mode of rotational grazing according to the seasons and stocking in the mountains With the progress of the times, the traditional animal husbandry has more and more showed its own defects, often a heavy snow hit, there will be hundreds of thousands of livestock deaths Moreover, the unlimited pursuit of the total amount of livestock in the traditional animal husbandry has resulted in serious overloading of grassland and serious damage to the grassland ecology Therefore, enclosure, construction of warm sheds, drinking water and other infrastructure to improve the disaster prevention capacity of herds, infrastructure construction to promote herdsmen to settle down, the traditional mode of passive disaster resistance into active disaster prevention, and the practice of relying on the sky to raise livestock for facilities gradually rose on the grassland According to statistics, the settlement rate of herdsmen in Qinghai Province reached 89.13% in 2004, nearly 80% higher than that in the mid-1980s In that year, the investment of herdsmen in grassland protection and construction reached over 130 million yuan, a 90 fold increase over 1985 In recent years, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has been constantly improving the project of herdsmen's settlement and house feeding The animal husbandry management system and the economic growth mode of the pastoral area have undergone profound changes The rapid development of grassland infrastructure construction not only improves the quality of life of herdsmen, but also accumulates the potential for the development of grassland animal husbandry According to the basic characteristics of animal husbandry and the practical needs of accelerating its development, Tibet Autonomous Region has established the general policy of "controlling the stock, increasing the stock, optimizing the structure and improving the efficiency" It has carried out extensive grassland protection and construction in the grassland and pastoral areas, carried out moderate scale operation and specialized production, and effectively improved the overall quality and efficiency of animal husbandry By 2004, the survival rate of the whole area increased from about 70% in the 1960s to over 80%, the mortality rate of adult animals decreased from about 7% to less than 2%, and the rate of livestock out of the market increased from about 10% to 27.5% The output of meat and milk in the region reached 208200 tons and 262000 tons respectively, 3.42 times and 1.8 times higher than that in 1978 Inner Mongolia is the largest pastoral area in China While actively carrying out the settlement of herdsmen and the construction of grassland infrastructure, this area also vigorously promotes the process of animal husbandry industrialization It not only cultivates and strengthens a number of leading enterprises, but also cultivates a number of national famous animal product brands, promotes the adjustment of animal husbandry economic structure and the increase of herdsmen's income, and produces good economic and social benefits.