The Synthetic Routes of N1,N1'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine)

Synthetic Routes of N1,N1'-(Biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-Phenyl-N4,N4-dimethyl-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine)

In the chemical industry, the synthesis of new molecules is a crucial process for the development of new materials, drugs, and other chemical products.
One of the challenging synthetic routes in organic chemistry is the synthesis of N1,N1'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine), a molecule with a complex structure and potential applications in various fields.
This molecule has been synthesized by several research groups, and several synthetic routes have been reported in the literature.

One of the most common synthetic routes is the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
This reaction involves the reaction of a boronic acid with a boronic acid ester in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
By using this method, the researchers have prepared the biphenyl part of the molecule.
Afterwards, the m-tolylbenzene part was added by using the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction.
The HWE reaction is a palladium-catalyzed reaction that involves the reaction of a nitro group with a Grignard reagent.

Another synthetic route is the Stille reaction.
This reaction involves the reaction of a nitrostille compound with a terminal alkyne in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
By using this method, the researchers have prepared the m-tolylbenzene part of the molecule.
Afterwards, the biphenyl part was added by using the Sonogashira coupling reaction.
The Sonogashira coupling reaction is a palladium-catalyzed reaction that involves the reaction of a vinyl halide with a sodium borohydride in the presence of a palladium catalyst.

A third synthetic route is the Ullmann condensation reaction.
This reaction involves the reaction of an amine with an aldehyde in the presence of a catalyst, such as sodium cyanide.
By using this method, the researchers have prepared the biphenyl part of the molecule.
Afterwards, the m-tolylbenzene part was added by using the Bischler-Napieralski reaction.
The Bischler-Napieralski reaction is a transition metal-catalyzed reaction that involves the reaction of an aryl halide with a metal carbide in the presence of a metal salt.

Each of these synthetic routes has its own advantages and disadvantages.
For instance, the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction is a atom economic method to couple the biphenyl and m-tolylbenzene part, but it requires high cost and toxic reagents.
The Stille reaction is less toxic and cost effective, but it is less efficient than the Suzuki-Miyaura.
The Ullmann condensation reaction is relatively simple and cost-effective, but it typically produces low yield.

Overall, the synthetic routes of N1,N1'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine) have been developed through the efforts of many chemists.
Each route has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of route depends on the desired yield, cost, and toxicity.
As the demand for new molecules continues to grow, it is likely that new and more efficient synthetic routes will be developed.