The Synthetic Routes of N-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl-9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine

The Synthesis of N-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl-9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine: A Comprehensive Review in the Chemical Industry

N-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-yl-9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine, commonly referred to as BF2A, is an organic compound with unique physical and chemical properties that have made it an important research topic in the fields of Materials Science and Organic Electronics.
In recent years, BF2A has gained significant attention due to its potential use in the development of electronic devices such as transistors, solar cells, and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [1].

However, the synthesis of BF2A has proven to be challenging and has required the application of various synthetic routes.
In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review of the synthetic routes that have been reported in the chemical literature for the synthesis of BF2A, and we will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each route.

1. Hydrogenation of 4-Chloro-N-biphenyl-1,1'-benzoxazepine (CBBO)

One of the earliest reported synthetic routes for BF2A was the hydrogenation of 4-chloro-N-biphenyl-1,1'-benzoxazepine (CBBO) [2].
This route involved the transformation of CBBO, which is a precursor molecule commonly used in the synthesis of BF2A, into BF2A through hydrogenation.
The hydrogenation process was carried out using a variety of methods, including hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium on barium sulfate, or using a hydrogenation reactor.

The advantages of this route include its simplicity, economical efficiency, and the ease of scale-up.
However, the disadvantage of this route is that it requires the use of hazardous reagents, such as chloroform and oxalic acid, and the resulting product may contain residual levels of these reagents, which can impact the final product's properties [3].

1. Sonogashira Coupling Reaction

Another reported synthetic route for BF2A involves the use of the Sonogashira coupling reaction, which involves the reaction of an aryl halide with a nucleophilic partner, such as a phosphine or a borane, in the presence of a palladium catalyst [4].
This reaction is known for its high efficiency and selectivity in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and has been widely used in the synthesis of organic molecules.

The advantages of this route include its high yield and selectivity, as well as the fact that it does not require hazardous reagents.
However, the disadvantage of this route is that it can be expensive and time-consuming, particularly when using precious metal catalysts [5].

1. Stille Coupling Reaction

The Stille coupling reaction, which involves the reaction of a halide with a boronate in the presence of a palladium catalyst, has also been reported as a synthetic route for BF2A [6].
This reaction has been widely used in the synthesis of organic molecules and has been proven to be efficient and selective in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.

The advantages of this route include its high yield and selectivity, as well as the fact that it does not require hazardous reagents.
However, the disadvantage of this route is that it can be expensive and time-consuming, particularly when using precious metal catalysts [7].

1. Suzuki-Miyaura