The Synthetic Routes of Manidipine dihydrochloride

Manidipine dihydrochloride is an important pharmaceutical compound that is used in the treatment of various neurological disorders.
The compound is a synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring alkaloid, known as cytisine.
The synthesis of manidipine dihydrochloride can be achieved through different routes, some of which are outlined below.

Route 1: via N-Methylanthraniloyl Chloride

The first synthetic route to manidipine dihydrochloride involves the synthesis of N-methylanthraniloyl chloride.
This compound is synthesized by reacting N-methylanthranilic acid with sodium hypochlorite.
The resulting N-methylanthraniloyl chloride is then treated with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, to convert it to the hydrochloride salt.
The hydrochloride salt is then treated with an amine, such as piperidine, to introduce the functional group required for manidipine synthesis.

Route 2: via N-Methylcytisine

Another synthetic route to manidipine dihydrochloride involves the synthesis of N-methylcytisine.
This compound is synthesized by reacting cytisine with methyl iodide in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide.
The resulting N-methylcytisine is then treated with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, to convert it to the hydrochloride salt.
The hydrochloride salt is then treated with an amine, such as piperidine, to introduce the functional group required for manidipine synthesis.

Route 3: via N-Methyltryptamine

A third synthetic route to manidipine dihydrochloride involves the synthesis of N-methyltryptamine.
This compound is synthesized by reacting tryptamine with methyl iodide in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide.
The resulting N-methyltryptamine is then treated with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, to convert it to the hydrochloride salt.
The hydrochloride salt is then treated with an amine, such as piperidine, to introduce the functional group required for manidipine synthesis.

Route 4: via Mono-Methyl Methyl-N-Amino Acid

A fourth synthetic route to manidipine dihydrochloride involves the synthesis of a mono-methyl methyl-N-amino acid.
This compound is synthesized by reacting a methyl N-amino acid, such as methyl histidine, with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid.
The resulting mono-methyl methyl-N-amino acid is then treated with a reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride, to introduce a double bond.
The double bond is then functionalized with an electrophile, such as chloride, to introduce the functional group required for manidipine synthesis.

Overall, the synthesis of manidipine dihydrochloride involves the use of various chemical reagents and techniques.
The choice of synthetic route will depend on several factors, such as the availability of starting materials, the desired yield and purity of the final product, and the cost and complexity of the synthesis.
The synthetic routes outlined above are only a few examples of the many possible approaches that can be used to synthesize manidipine dihydrochloride.