-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
-
Cosmetic Ingredient
- Water Treatment Chemical
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Felodipine is a calcium channel blocker medication used for treating hypertension, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders.
Synthetic routes to felodipine have been developed since the 1980s, and several variants have been developed to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.
This article discusses the synthetic routes of felodipine and their historical development.
- Heterocyclization of N-substituted Polyenamines
The first synthetic route to felodipine involved the heterocyclization of N-substituted polyenamines.
This route involved the reaction of an acyclic amine with a nitrile or isocyanate in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.
The resulting nitrile or isocyanate was then hydrolyzed to produce the corresponding primary amine, which underwent rearrangement to form the final product.
- Synthesis from Ethyl 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenyl-6-Methyl-2H-Pyrazol-3-Carboxylate
A more efficient synthetic route to felodipine involved the synthesis of ethyl 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-6-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-carboxylate, which was then subjected to a series of chemical transformations.
The nitro group was reduced to an amine, which was then hydrolyzed and converted to the final product.
- Synthesis from N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amide
Another synthetic route to felodipine involved the synthesis of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amide, which was then treated with various reagents to form the final product.
The reaction pathway involved condensation, reduction, substitution, and elimination steps.
- Synthesis from (R)-1-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone
A more recent synthetic route to felodipine involves the synthesis of (R)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone, which undergoes a series of chemical transformations to form the final product.
This route allows for the synthesis of both enantiomers of felodipine, which may have different pharmacological properties.
Conclusion
The synthetic routes to felodipine have evolved over the years since its discovery in the 1970s.
The development of new synthetic routes has allowed for the production of this important pharmaceutical drug in larger quantities and at a lower cost.
As research continues, it is likely that new synthetic routes and variants of felodipine will be discovered, leading to further advances in the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
