The Synthetic Routes of 4,5-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine

4,5-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine is an important chemical compound that finds numerous applications in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other industries.
The synthesis of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine involves several steps, and the selection of the appropriate synthetic route depends on various factors such as cost, availability of reagents, and the desired purity of the product.
In this article, we will discuss some of the commonly used synthetic routes for 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.

1. The Mannich reaction
   The Mannich reaction is a commonly used synthetic route for the preparation of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   In this process, a primary or secondary amine is reacted with formaldehyde and an aldehyde in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide.
   The reaction produces a Mannich base, which can be further hydrolyzed to yield 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   
2. The Zemanek-Green reaction
   The Zemanek-Green reaction is another commonly used synthetic route for the preparation of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   In this process, a substituted phenyl isocyanate is reacted with sodium hydroxide in water to yield a phenylamine derivative.
   The phenylamine derivative is then treated with a mineral acid to produce 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   
3. The HCl-H2O2 reaction
   The HCl-H2O2 reaction is a simple and cost-effective synthetic route for the preparation of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   In this process, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide are reacted in water to produce 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine through a series of steps.
   
4. The Kjeldahl-Deeth reaction
   The Kjeldahl-Deeth reaction is a multi-step synthetic route for the preparation of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   In this process, a benzaldehyde is treated with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and nickel sulfate in the presence of water to produce a benzylamine derivative.
   The benzylamine derivative is then hydrogenated to yield 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
   

In conclusion, there are several synthetic routes available for the preparation of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.
The selection of the appropriate route depends on the specific requirements of the application and the cost and availability of the reagents.
The synthetic routes discussed above are commonly used in the chemical industry and have been found to be effective in the production of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine.