The Synthetic Routes of 1,1'-Biphenyl]-2,2',6,6'-tetrol

The synthetic routes of 1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',6,6'-tetrol (BPT) have long been a focus of research in the chemical industry due to the wide range of potential applications for this versatile compound.

One early synthetic route involved the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-1,1'-biphenyl with potassium permanganate in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.
This method involved a series of steps, including the preparation of the starting material and the purification of the final product, and was known to be difficult to control and scale up.

Another early route involved the reaction of phenyl-1,1'-bis(chloromethyl)prop-2-en-1-ol with sodium hydroxide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.
This method also involved several steps, including the preparation of the starting material and the purification of the final product, and was known to be difficult to control and scale up.

In recent years, more efficient and scalable synthetic routes for BPT have been developed.
One such route involves the reaction of 1,1'-biphenyl with 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorocatechol in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.
This method involves fewer steps and is easier to control and scale up than earlier routes.

Another more efficient route involves the reaction of 1,1'-biphenyl with sodium hydroxide in the presence of a metal catalyst, such as copper or zinc.
This method involves fewer steps and is also easier to control and scale up than earlier routes.

The use of microwave irradiation has also been reported as a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of BPT.
In this method, 1,1'-biphenyl is reacted with 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorocatechol in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and the reaction is carried out using microwave irradiation.
This method is characterized by high yields and short reaction times, and is thus considered to be a superior method for the synthesis of BPT.

In conclusion, the synthetic routes of 1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',6,6'-tetrol have been a subject of much research in the chemical industry due to the wide range of potential applications for this compound.
Early routes involved several steps, were difficult to control and scale up, and often required the use of hazardous reagents.
However, recent developments in synthetic methods have resulted in more efficient and scalable routes for the synthesis of BPT, including the use of microwave irradiation, which is a superior method for the synthesis of this compound.