The structural adjustment of domestic soybean processing industry urgently needs to limit production capacity and Anti-monopoly

Introduction: the excessive growth of domestic soybean processing capacity not only stimulates the strong import of soybean, but also brings the vicious competition of soybean processing industry At present, more than 60% of the soybean processing capacity in China is idle, and the soybean processing industry is gradually monopolized by a few large soybean processing enterprises Therefore, limiting production energy and anti-monopoly have become two important issues in the structural adjustment of China's soybean processing industry Statistics from the Ministry of agriculture show that in recent years, China's soybean processing industry investment has increased sharply, and domestic and foreign investors have built more than 60 oil crushing plants with a daily processing capacity of more than 800 tons By the end of 2002, the daily and annual processing capacity of soybeans had reached 150000 tons and 45 million tons respectively (excluding a large number of small oil plants) This year, more than 10 large oil plants will be completed and put into operation It is estimated that by the end of this year, the annual soybean squeezing capacity will be nearly 60 million tons, while the actual demand for soybean squeezing will be about 22 million tons, and about 38 million tons of soybean processing capacity will be idle According to the China vegetable oil industry association, if the crushing capacity of rapeseed oil is added, the processing capacity of vegetable oil in China has now exceeded 80 million tons No matter from the market demand of vegetable oil or soybean meal and other by-products, the domestic soybean processing capacity has appeared serious surplus V2h reporters in Zhejiang and Shandong oil plants and other relatively concentrated areas found that the soybean processing industry has a high return on investment and quick results, which is an important reason for investors to rush to invest in the soybean processing industry Wang Bingwu, general manager of Qingdao Changsheng port transport Vegetable Oil Co., Ltd., said that in 1999, the state restored the import value-added tax on soybean meal, and more than 200 yuan of tax should be paid per ton of soybean meal Seeing that it was profitable to extract oil from imported soybeans, he immediately invested in the construction of an oil plant At the beginning of 2001, the oil plant was put into operation, processing 300 tons of soybeans per day, with a profit of at least 150-300 yuan per ton of soybeans, which soon earned back the investment However, due to the shortage of imported soybean raw materials and the high import price of soybean, the oil factory will lose 50-60 yuan per ton of soybean processed this year Pang Wei, general manager of Shandong Yucheng Zhonglian Vegetable Oil Co., Ltd., said that the company and "Yuwang" oil plant are the only two oil plants in Yucheng City Driven by profits, their daily processing capacity has increased from 100 tons and 300 tons to 300 tons and 600 tons respectively in the past two years, but they were in a semi-stop state shortly after the expansion At present, the annual soybean processing capacity of Shandong Province is more than 12 million tons, about half of which has been expanded in recent years; the annual soybean processing capacity of 46 oil factories of Zhejiang oil industry association reaches million tons, nearly half of which has also been increased in recent years In addition, the construction cost and processing cost of China's soybean processing enterprises are relatively low According to Bi Jingquan, director of the economic and Trade Department of the development and Reform Commission, in recent years, foreign capital has built a number of large-scale vegetable oil plants along the coast of China The construction cost of oil plants processing 3000 tons of soybeans per day is only 40 million US dollars, 20 million US dollars lower than that in Japan and South Korea; the processing cost of soybean workshops is only 45 yuan per ton, much lower than that in Japan, South Korea and the United States Lin Yongqing, executive vice president of v2h China vegetable oil industry association, analyzed that it was the high profit of domestic soybean processing, low construction cost, rapid growth of market demand and early opening of soybean import that made foreign investors optimistic about China's soybean processing industry By the end of last year, there were 53 large-scale oil plants with a daily processing capacity of more than 1000 tons of soybeans in China, of which 14 were foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for nearly 1 / 3 of the market share There were 48 refined vegetable oil plants with a daily processing capacity of more than 150 tons, of which 38 were foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for more than 90% of the total processing capacity At the same time, two of the three better soybean protein isolate processing plants in China have been purchased by DuPont company of the United States, and another one is under negotiation Wang junzi, Secretary General of China vegetable oil industry association, told reporters that the popular saying that foreign investors invest in China's soybean processing industry is "ABC is all over China", in which a refers to adm company in the United States; B refers to Bangui company in the United States; C refers to Cargill company in the United States, as well as Guo brothers in Singapore and golden light group in Indonesia These multinational companies set up import soybean processing enterprises in the southern coastal areas and ports like "chessmen", and their technological equipment and market layout are fully internationalized It can be seen that foreign businessmen are not occupying the domestic soybean processing industry, but "half of the country" that already has domestic soybean processing industry The growth of actual market demand and the driving force of processing profits of imported soybeans are the root causes of soybean overcapacity and the rapid formation of monopoly by foreign investors The continuous strong demand for soybean imports is closely related to overcapacity Industry insiders such as v2h bijingquan and Lin Yongqing believe that soybean processing capacity can not be used as the basis for import demand, but the cost of soybean overcapacity in structural adjustment (i.e the economic loss and unemployment caused by it) should be valued by the national macro sector and investors According to the reporter's survey in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Northeast China, about 80% of domestic small and medium-sized oil plants are in the state of shutdown or semi shutdown this year, with a loss of more than 90% Besides the production capacity is larger than the market demand, the scale of the enterprise is small and the equipment and technology are relatively backward, the most direct reason is that the small and medium-sized oil plants are treated unfairly in terms of imported raw materials Pang Wei, general manager of Zhonglian Vegetable Oil Co., Ltd in Yucheng City, Shandong Province, and a person in charge of Dezhou Jinhua Group all said that this year, the issuance of national soybean import license is obviously in favor of large enterprises Most small and medium-sized oil plants do not have the right to import, have poor storage capacity, capital, bank credit and other conditions, do not have the ability of public relations, and are not easy to obtain licenses Therefore, if they rely on imported raw materials, they will inevitably go bankrupt A soybean trader in Shandong Province said the country did not allow the circulation of genetically modified soybeans, leaving small and medium-sized oil plants unable to import in a desperate situation However, a few large-scale oil companies took the opportunity to sell imported soybeans in private, and the "black market" of genetically modified soybeans became popular in some places In order to survive, small and medium-sized enterprises had to pay high prices to buy them, which greatly strengthened the monopoly position of large-scale foreign-funded enterprises and hit small and medium-sized oil companies Although some people believe that small and medium-sized oil enterprises have the advantages of being able to stop production and start production at any time, if they are not protected, 80% of them will go bankrupt in the next few years Due to the shortage of domestic soybeans, most of the 1000 small oil plants processing domestic soybeans in Heilongjiang Province have been shut down or shut down this year V2h however, most national macro decision-making departments and processing enterprises believe that large-scale and technologically advanced soybean processing enterprises, including foreign-funded enterprises, continue to expand market share, and a number of small and medium-sized enterprises are forced to withdraw from the market, which is inevitable, which has a positive effect on promoting the upgrading of soybean industry But the state should not protect monopoly and let a few large foreign oil plants control the domestic soybean processing industry According to the investigation of the relevant departments of the state, multinational companies have made constant investment in factories in the south coast of China, which indeed have an attempt to crush the domestic oil processing industry and then monopolize the whole industry Therefore, the relevant departments put forward that the blind expansion of soybean processing capacity should be controlled and guided by market means, and the formation of monopoly should be restricted in terms of investment policy guidance, bank credit, etc In addition, we should speed up the formulation of anti-monopoly laws and regulations, and give full play to the role of industry organizations in anti-monopoly under market conditions Both the government and the industrial organizations should manage the anti-monopoly and investigate and deal with it once there is conclusive evidence V2h reporter noted that despite the excess capacity of soybean, large enterprises are still making full use of their advantages to continue to invest in soybean processing industry This year, Heilongjiang Jiusan Oil Co., Ltd and Zhangjiagang Donghai grain and oil industry Co., Ltd will expand their production by 1.2 million tons and 4 million tons respectively Dalian Huanong soybean industry group, a well-known enterprise in the industry, is also rapidly building a plant in Bazhou, Hebei Province, which processes 2000-3000 tons of soybeans every day In this regard, small and medium-sized soybean processing enterprises are generally concerned, and some with certain strength are also on the way of expanding production and competition V2H