The situation and task of plant protection in China

China is a large country of crop production, but also a country with many diseases and insect disasters There are more than 1600 kinds of common crop diseases and insect pests The frequent occurrence of these diseases and insect pests has an increasingly prominent adverse impact on crop growth In particular, migratory and epidemic diseases and insect pests such as locusts, rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller and wheat stripe rust are increasing, which seriously threaten the stable development of grain Under the influence of abnormal climate and changes in agricultural ecological environment, the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests will be more serious in the future It is necessary to systematically summarize the new progress of plant protection in China in recent years, deeply analyze the new situation of plant protection in the future, and put forward the plant protection tasks and Countermeasures during the 12th Five Year Plan period The public service system of plant protection has been strengthened, which has made great contribution to the stable development of agriculture and the continuous increase of grain production Governments at all levels and agricultural departments have always adhered to the plant protection policy of "prevention first and comprehensive control", firmly established the two concepts of "public plant protection and green plant protection", constantly improved the three mechanisms of government led, territorial management and joint prevention and control, and resolutely won the "three battles" of regional major disease and insect eradication, local major disease and insect assault and major epidemic interdiction Now, the prevention and control objectives of the Non-Proliferation of locusts, wheat stripe rust, rice "two migration" pests and other major diseases and insect pests, apple moth, rice water weevil and other major epidemics, with the total loss basically controlled within 5%, have made a significant contribution to the stable development of agricultural production and grain production for six consecutive years In terms of work promotion, the following four aspects of progress have been made: first, the government led public plant protection system has been initially established The concept of public plant protection has been seriously implemented There are 24 provinces, 281 cities and 1622 counties in China that have set up the command organization of disease and insect control under the leadership of government leaders The disease and insect control work has been upgraded from department behavior to government behavior Under the guidance of the concept of public plant protection, Hebei, Jiangxi and other six provinces issued local plant protection laws and regulations, and determined the public functions of plant protection according to law In 10 provinces, districts and cities, the provincial plant protection institutions have realized the management of reference civil servants More than 90% of the national plant protection institutions have become full funding institutions Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces have established plant protection bureaus, and some local, municipal and county agricultural departments have also established plant protection bureaus, effectively stabilizing the national plant protection team Secondly, the coordination mechanism of territorial management, joint defense and joint control has been established and improved In accordance with the requirements of "government led, territorial management, joint prevention and control", a mechanism of disease and pest prevention and control with vertical level responsibility and horizontal joint cooperation has been gradually formed In view of the characteristics and control requirements of trans regional migration, outbreak and epidemic diseases and insect pests such as locusts, rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller, meadow moth and stripe rust, a coordination organization for disease and insect control has been established in Sichuan, Tibet, Tibet, Beijing and other surrounding areas, and a regional joint prevention and control action with information sharing, technical cooperation, close cooperation and clear responsibility has been carried out In view of the sudden diseases and insect pests in some areas, all provinces, districts and cities have established and improved the emergency prevention and control mechanism of emergency prevention and control plan, material reserve, team formation and rapid response In view of the epidemic situation of apple moth, red fire ant and other major plants, a regional epidemic prevention and control cooperation group was established to effectively control the harm of pests and the spread of the epidemic Third, it actively explored the organization mode of specialized unified defense rule According to statistics, at present, there are 180000 prevention and control organizations in the country, more than 10000 are officially registered by the industrial and commercial civil affairs departments, 240000 employees, and the proportion of control of major wheat and rice diseases and insect pests reaches 10% and 18% respectively The active promotion of the rule of specialized unified prevention and control has played an important role in the implementation of classified guidance and regional governance, and in the effective implementation of the three major campaigns of "regional major disease and insect eradication war, local major disease and insect assault war and major epidemic interdiction war" In terms of prediction and forecast of diseases and insect pests, CCTV was used to release the trend forecast of major diseases and insect pests in China in real time More than 1500 counties and cities popularized the TV forecast, reaching more than 60% of agricultural counties Fourth, the network monitoring and control system of diseases and insect pests has been basically constructed Since the new century, the state has invested 4.5 billion yuan in the construction of more than 1000 regional stations for disease and pest early warning and control, initially forming a four-level monitoring and control system for disease and pest at the central, provincial, local and county levels, significantly improving the conditions for disease and pest monitoring and early warning, epidemic prevention and emergency prevention and control, establishing a digital monitoring and early warning platform for rice and wheat, and realizing the network of plant quarantine approval The network management has comprehensively improved the monitoring and early warning ability of diseases and insect pests, the supervision and interdiction ability of plant epidemic situation and the prevention and control ability of major diseases and insect pests in China The level of plant protection work has been significantly improved The number of disease and insect monitoring objects in China has increased from 15 to 26, and the accuracy of medium and long-term forecast has increased by 5-10 percentage points The weekly report of rice diseases and major diseases and insect pests has basically been digitized, and the prevention and control rate of major diseases and insect pests has generally reached more than 90% 3000 epidemic monitoring points have been set up in 19 provinces and regions, basically forming the northeast border, northwest border and southeast border The three major plant epidemic prevention and control zones along the coast have greatly improved the timeliness of major pest monitoring and control effect Through years of practice and exploration and the joint efforts of the majority of plant protection workers, a broad consensus has been further formed on the principles and concepts of plant protection work, the ideas of plant protection work are further clear, the tasks and responsibilities of plant protection work are further clear, and the role and effectiveness of plant protection work are further highlighted Focusing on ensuring agricultural production safety, agricultural product quality safety and agricultural industry safety, the three major changes of prevention and control focus, prevention and control strategy and prevention and control mode will be realized Plant protection is an important measure for disaster prevention and mitigation, which is closely related to biological, natural, social, economic and other factors The global climate is abnormal, the food security situation is severe, the international agricultural product market competition is increasingly fierce, and the public's requirements for the quality and safety of agricultural products are generally improved, which puts forward new challenges to the plant protection work With the change of climatic conditions and farming methods, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is more complicated, and plant protection is facing new problems The global climate is becoming more and more prominent, and the probability of extreme disastrous weather is increasing, leading to more serious and complex occurrence of diseases and pests The source area of wheat stripe rust developed to the high altitude area, the breeding area of locust spread to the high latitude, and the occurrence area expanded; the epidemic situation of rice blast and wheat scab increased, and the source base and migration path of rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and meadow moth changed; with the change of agricultural cultivation mode, rice koji disease, black stripe dwarf disease and underground insect pest changed And weeds, rice and other minor diseases and plants increased to be the main diseases and plants; cross regional machine harvest also accelerated the spread of wheat midge, cyst nematode, thrifty wheat These new situations and problems make the task of monitoring and control more arduous With the improvement of people's living standard and the change of social consumption concept, people's attention to food safety has generally increased, and the prevention and control measures need to be adjusted In recent years, the problem of food safety has become more and more prominent, and the hidden dangers of agricultural product quality and safety can not be ignored Recently, Hainan's "problem cowpea" has attracted extensive attention, exposing many problems such as pesticide supervision, safe drug use, quality control and so on At the same time, the competition of international agricultural products is becoming increasingly fierce, and trade protectionism is rising Some countries raise the threshold of agricultural products access, which increases the difficulty of agricultural products export With the continuous improvement of consumption demand and trade threshold, the prevention and control measures of pests and diseases are required to be more green and environmental friendly, which not only requires plant protection work to control pests and ensure production, but also to put the guarantee of quality and safety of agricultural products in a prominent position With the decrease of cultivated land resources and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the pressure of continuous increase of grain production is increasing, which endows the plant protection with new tasks With the promotion of some super high-yield varieties, high multiple cropping index, high-density planting and the implementation of large fertilizer and large water measures, the risk of serious occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests is increasing, and the difficulty of effective control is increasing In the case of frequent natural disasters and increasing difficulty of increasing per unit yield, it will be more arduous to strengthen plant protection measures and achieve the task of "taking food from insect mouth" to promote harvest With the further integration of domestic and foreign agricultural product markets, the risk of plant epidemic spread has increased, and the quarantine supervision is facing new pressure With the increase of agricultural products trade, the introduction of exotic plant epidemic showed a significant upward trend According to the general survey, in the past 10 years, up to 20 kinds of new exotic diseases and insect pests have been found in China, twice as many as in the previous 30 years Among them, the red fire ant and the cotton mealworm scale have threatened the agricultural production and ecological security of China, and many epidemic situations have a direct impact on the export of agricultural products in China With the further growth of international and domestic agricultural products trade and the rapid development of tourism in the future, the risk of plant epidemic introduction and spread at home and abroad is further increased Agricultural production and farmers' employment patterns have changed profoundly, the demand for rural social services has increased rapidly, and plant protection services are facing new requirements The adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the implementation of rural land circulation policies have promoted the intensive and large-scale operation of agriculture, and a large number of large-scale farmers have emerged, which makes the original scattered pest control of each household tend to an organized way At the same time, a large number of young and middle-aged farmers go out to work, and most of the left behind farmers have weak agricultural production capacity In addition, the technology of pest control is very strong, and the demand for providing social services for plant protection is increasing year by year Especially in the places where the hidden dangers of pesticide residues in agricultural products are prominent, it is increasingly urgent to change the traditional decentralized pest control methods, and it is imperative to innovate the plant protection service methods All kinds of new situations and challenges put forward higher requirements for plant protection work We must recognize the situation, grasp the trend and strive to create a new situation for plant protection work At present and in the future, the general idea of plant protection work is to continue to adhere to the work policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention", strengthen the public plant protection function, vigorously promote green plant protection, vigorously promote the specialized unified prevention and control, further improve the long-term mechanism of "government led, territorial management, joint prevention and control", improve the plant protection service system, promote the legal management and digital plant protection Early warning, harmless prevention and control, professional services The overall goal is to ensure that major epidemics do not spread, major diseases and insect pests do not break out, the level of safe drug use is significantly improved, the use of pesticides is gradually reduced, and the loss rate of diseases and insect pests of food crops is controlled within 5% The key tasks are to ensure the safety of agricultural production, quality and industry In order to achieve the above goals and tasks, plant protection work must strive to achieve "three major changes": first, the focus of prevention and control should be shifted from grain crops to focusing on grain crops and cash crops as a whole, especially on the prevention and control of diseases and pests of vegetables, fruits, tea and other horticultural crops; second, the prevention and control strategy should be shifted from mainly relying on chemical control to comprehensive control and green control In particular, we should pay attention to the application of non chemical measures such as biological control and physical control; third, we should change the prevention and control mode from decentralized control mode to specialized unified control, especially to improve the organization and scientific level of prevention and control Comprehensively improve the comprehensive ability of plant protection in China facing the current and future period