The Safety of 4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione

Introduction:

In the chemical industry, the safety of chemicals used in the manufacturing process is of the utmost importance.
Chemical safety is a critical factor in ensuring the health and well-being of workers, the environment, and the community.
In this article, we will discuss the safety of 4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione, a chemical compound commonly used in the industry.

Chemical structure:

4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C24H18N4O2.
It is also known as curcumin or turmeric, a natural product derived from the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa.
It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is classified as a phenanthrene, which consists of a central benzene ring with three fused six-membered benzene rings.

Physical and chemical properties:

The physical and chemical properties of 4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione include:

• Density: 1.
  67 g/cm3
• Boiling point: 322°C
• Melting point: 160°C
• Solubility: soluble in water and ethanol
• Viscosity: 6.
  22 mPa·s at 25°C
• Refractive index: 1.
  545 - 1.
  557
• pH: 5.
  3
• Flash point: 90°C
• Flammability classification: not flammable according to EU classification.
  

Occurrence and production:

4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione is naturally present in small amounts in some foods, but it is also synthesized industrially as a food additive and a pharmaceutical agent.
The compound can be synthesized through various methods, with the most common being the synthesis of curcumin from turmeric extract.
This is achieved by solvent extraction, purification, and treatment with various chemical reagents to remove impurities and increase the purity of the product.

Toxicity and safety:

The toxicity of 4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione has been studied extensively, and the results have shown that the compound is safe for use in food and as a pharmaceutical agent.
The compound has low toxicity when ingested, and it is not expected to cause adverse effects at normal usage levels.

However, in high doses, the compound has shown to have toxic effects in animals.
The oral LD50 of the compound in rats is 225 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50 is 2000 mg/kg.
The compound is not classified as a carcinogen according to the IARC classification, and it is not expected to cause genotoxicity according to the Ames test.

Hazard identification:

The hazard identification of 4-Ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione