The risk of dairy farmers in the development of dairy industry

Introduction: China's dairy industry, due to years of grain failure, has led to the rise of feed prices, which are all over 20%, some even more than 50%, and the purchase price of raw milk remains unchanged, leading to the increase of dairy production costs and the decline of production efficiency In the production, processing and sale of milk, the benefit ratio of the three is usually 1:3.5:5.5 Therefore, the interests of the majority of dairy farmers are the lowest, and the biggest risk in the production process of raw milk At present, the main risks of dairy farmers in China are as follows: Generally speaking, the cost of feed accounts for 65% ~ 75% of the cost of raw milk sold by dairy farmers The rise of feed price immediately affects the rise of raw milk cost, leading to the decline of economic benefits In most areas of China, the average milk output of cows is about 3500 kg In Shanghai, the average milk output of each cow is more than 7500 kg From January to June this year, the profit of each cow was reduced by more than 700 yuan due to the increase of feed price In the second half of this year, the profit will be reduced more because the cows are in the post lactation period and have two months of dry milk period The risk of increased water, electricity and transportation costs China is a country with water shortage, electricity shortage and oil shortage, and the price of water, electricity and fuel is likely to rise at any time In areas with insufficient power, some dairy farms need to provide their own generators to enable milking machines to work as usual, but the fuel oil, mainly diesel and gasoline, will fluctuate with the international oil price, and the possibility of rising is far greater than the possibility of falling In addition, as far as road transportation is concerned, the state has taken effective measures to prohibit overloading, which is undoubtedly of great significance to protect roads and ensure transportation safety But as far as road freight is concerned, there will be a substantial increase, and the range will be multiplied Dairy farmers or dairy farms will bear the risk of increased transportation costs As a result, feed prices will rise due to the increase of transportation costs, resulting in the rise of raw milk production costs The risk of cow disease calf disease leads to death After cow disease, not only milk production is seriously affected, but also death may be caused After a cow dies, the loss can be more than ten thousand yuan The loss of milk production and death caused by diseases is only borne by dairy farmers or dairies The pressure and risk of environmental protection environmental protection and sustainable development are the basic national policies of our country In the future, with the acceleration of the process of urban-rural integration in China, the places or areas where cows are raised will be faced with relocation or removal or the treatment of livestock manure At present, in Shanghai and other large and medium-sized cities, dairy production on the above situation I believe that in the near future, this will happen in many other suburban dairy farms The pressure and risk of environmental protection of dairy production are increasing, and the main body of the burden can only be dairy farmers or dairy farms Other relevant policy risks are first manifested in the purchase policy of raw milk At present, in many areas, there is a tendency to reduce or disguise the purchase price It is worth noting that many dairy groups want to transfer their profit margins to dairy farmers due to poor management and marketing, or due to competition among them In some areas, although the price of raw milk purchased by dairy factories or dairy groups has not changed, raising the purchase standard at will reduces the purchase price of raw milk in a disguised way, affecting the vital interests of dairy farmers or dairy farms At present, the most difficult problem for dairy farmers is the so-called "alcohol positive" milk When a dairy factory purchases raw milk, once it mixes alcohol with raw milk, it tells the dairy farmers that this is "alcohol positive" milk, and the purchase price should be reduced or not Who will protect the interests of dairy farmers? To sum up, in the development process of China's dairy industry, dairy farmers bear a huge risk Whether China's dairy industry can develop continuously and healthily depends on the enthusiasm of dairy farmers to a great extent If our country's dairy farmers do not have the policy protection, or do not have the most basic interests or rights and interests protection, many of our dairy farmers will withdraw from the dairy industry, which will make our dairy industry stagnant, or even backward In the developed countries, there are policy support to protect the interests of dairy farmers Countries such as Canada and Australia have introduced quotas for raw milk purchases Within the scope of the quota, the raw milk sold by the dairy farmers will have a better interest guarantee, and the part exceeding the quota will be subject to the price policy of going with the market But the quota will be fixed for two years Within two years, the dairy farmers can transfer the quota to each other and share the profits equally In the United States, when the purchase price of raw milk is lower than a certain level, price support policy is implemented In other words, the government purchases a large number of dairy products, so that the raw milk purchase price of dairy plants remains at a high level In the early stage of the development of China's dairy industry, we should study and formulate policies to protect the interests of dairy farmers To ensure the basic interests of dairy farmers should attract the attention of many departments concerned Who will help dairy farmers improve the production level of cows? In our country, the raising history of modern cows is not long, and the dairy farmers are lack of technology and experience But the key problem is how to help dairy farmers quickly master the cow feeding technology and improve their production level Therefore, in the process of dairy development in China, we should not only make policies to protect the interests of dairy farmers, but also have special technology promotion agencies to help dairy farmers master the technology and improve the production level, so as to further improve the economic benefits of dairy farming, which are inseparable Dairy farmers should have their own organizations The dairy farmers in our country are scattered and weak, and there are more or less contradictions between the interests of dairy farmers and the interests of dairy factories In China, it is impossible for dairy farmers to become shareholders of dairy plants or invest in the construction of dairy plants like some countries in northern Europe Therefore, according to China's actual situation and Japan's experience, dairy farmers should have their own organizations to fight for the rights and interests of the majority of dairy farmers At present, many provinces and cities combine dairy processing with dairy production, called Dairy Association, which seems to weaken the protection of dairy farmers to some extent Therefore, how to really change the weak position of dairy farmers, reduce the various risks that dairy farmers bear, and establish their own professional cooperative economic organizations has become an important issue that must be solved in the development process of China's dairy industry.