The prosperous history of traditional Chinese medicine market in old Chongqing

There are records of wild herbs in Bayu area in historical records "Records of Huayang state · records of Bazhi" mentions that "there are Morinda and pepper which are different in medicine." By the Tang Dynasty, Chongqing's 13 prefectures had paid tribute to the court, and the list of tribute included 21 kinds, such as Sichuan dome, rhubarb and croton There were more varieties of medicinal materials in Qing Dynasty According to the records of Ba County in Qianlong, there were many kinds of medicinal materials, such as herbs and flowers, which were difficult to enumerate Guangxu's Changshou county annals also said: "medicines such as mint, perilla, Cyperus, Achyranthes bidentata, Pinellia ternata, plantain, Huangjing, Shouwu, privet fruit and Leonurus can not be enumerated." According to the Xiushan County annals of Guangxu, "there are hundreds of gold in Houpu and Huangbai, and there are thousands of jins of Eucommia in Bamianshan." In the Qing Dynasty, some counties began to grow herbs artificially The Qijiang County annals written by Daoguang said: "in the former Ming Dynasty, officials brought seeds to Jiangxi and extended them to Jiangxi This medicinal material is not edible, so people don't know whether it's expensive or cheap In the Qianlong period, it was suddenly expensive, and then it gained great profits to become rich Many people planted it " "The reconstruction of Fengdu county annals" in the Republic of China records that: "Coptis, the best medicine, produces yellow dam, and there are bundles of people who go abroad." According to the chronicles of Daning (now Wuxi) County in Guangxu, local drug farmers often plant Coptis and eucommia, and drug dealers often come to buy them After Chongqing prospered due to its water transportation, medicinal materials from all over the city swarmed in "Western medicine came from Shaanxi and Gansu", "Guangyao came from the Yangtze River" and "Huaiyao came from Henan", according to the annals of Ba County in Qianlong Due to the abundant supply of local and foreign medicinal materials, Chongqing has become the wholesale center of western medicinal materials, with a large number of medical help At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were Jiangxi Lin Gang, Guangdong Guang Gang, Zhejiang zhe Gang, Henan Huai Gang, Shaanxi Shan Gang, Hubei Hankou gang and local Sichuan Gang, collectively referred to as "medicine seven Gang" After a fierce business war, the Chuan Gang conquered all the gangs in other provinces and established a dominant position Under the economic leverage, Chongqing herbal medicine market is the most developed, forming a complete industrial chain The upper house is a trafficker, and the lower house is composed of zupian shop, selective medicine shop, shop name, medicine store, wholesaler and traditional Chinese medicine hospital There are Renji, Qingyu hall, Tianyuan hall, Xiong Changtai, Bingtai hall, etc Drug shops include xiqisheng, yushengchang, deshengrong, quanshengchang, xingshengrong, tongfuyuan, etc From the selection of medicine shop to the development of brand names, there are self-reliance, Yiheyuan, afuyuan, yushengchang, Desheng, etc There are huitaiyong, qiantailong, zhengtaihe, Hengfengtai, etc Wholesalers include Daosheng, Fuyuan Chang, Juyi Chang, Xiangyuan, Tongyi Chang, Yisheng, dachuanyuan, etc Its total number is about 300, which is very popular In order to facilitate the loading and unloading of medicinal materials, Yaobang stores are mainly distributed in the areas of Qimen, yangziba, renhewan and jinzimen beside the Yangtze River During the day, the freighter is like an ant, covering the sky with masts; during the night, it is full of songs, all night long According to people familiar with the matter, some of the big drug dealers were rich and could not be matched by the rest of the country The imported medicine of West hospital is expensive Whenever there are patients in the family, the old people are always used to saying: "take some medicine to eat." The so-called grasp medicine is to choose traditional Chinese medicine It turns out that in addition to the regular hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, the herbal medicine shop will also hire a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine to sit in front of the hospital and sell their own medicine In 1929, the municipal herbage Research Association was established to carry out scientific research, with Xu Guilin as the principal In 1931, Shiguo pharmaceutical industry association was established Xu Xizhi, the first chairman, worked in the pharmaceutical shop of TongJunGe (000591, Guba), yushikou The herbal medicine sect believes in Sun Simiao and respects him as the king of medicine When he is born, he should gather in the temple of the king of medicine or Laojun cave to offer incense It's in the teahouse near Qimen Every morning, all the companies send competent managers to the scene to guide the pricing, adjust the surplus and shortage, and borrow positions On August 25, 1930, a big fire broke out in zhuqimen, which affected more than 10000 people in the surrounding three or four Huali The herbal medicine sect suffered heavy losses Liu Xiang, the warlord, wrote in the letter and asked for tax relief The letter reads: "burn the essence of medicinal herbs, because they are implicated in each other, the pharmaceutical industry is all pause, and the number of people who fail by debt will be counted every day." On the other hand, the druggists who took part in the insurance joined forces to claim for compensation from the British commercial bank, Baili, which surrounded the bank Under pressure, Wilson of yangdaban sent inspectors to investigate the loss, but only three or five of them were to be checked out every day Hundreds of drug stores were affected by the disaster When can the tests be completed? The druggists in urgent need of funds to regroup were very anxious They learned that Walter, Zhou Maozhi, Zhu Zilian, Mao Yanzhi and Duan Yuhua, the representatives of the headquarters of Baili foreign bank, came to Chongqing As soon as they got off the ship, they took him to the teahouse to "eat and talk about tea" and commented on him face to face Wilson, who took over the ship, guarded Walter and threatened the Chinese medicine merchant, claiming that it was a diplomatic incident and that it was not easy to start a military campaign Unexpectedly, hundreds of victims rushed in, pushing and shoving Some even shouted, "drag his son to the river to eat!" Walter was so scared that he promised to stop the inspection and pay 90% of the premium In 1932, the Japanese army initiated the "one two eight" incident on the bumpy Chengda road Due to the loss of Shanghai and Northeast market, the pharmaceutical industry was greatly affected Chongqing "Sichuan monthly news" reported in the third issue of 1933: "since the war in Shanghai, the financial turnover was not good, and the stop trade brands came one after another There are more than 30 companies including xingshengrong, Longji, zhentaichang, tongfuyuan and dalisheng The largest brands, like Yichang, tianfutong and Fengwei, were also closed in the 21st year of the Republic of China " During the Anti Japanese War, Japanese planes bombed Chongqing, and the herbal medicine sect fell into the disaster of extinction, less than one tenth of the survivors The road between Yunnan and Myanmar is broken, the source of Western medicine is interrupted, and Chinese medicine is precious The local pharmacists have made positive contributions by donating medicine and applying medicine Some pharmaceutical companies also process and make traditional pieces for export, and exchange them for valuable foreign exchange With the establishment of the people's Republic of China, the whole industry of traditional Chinese medicine has been transformed into a state-owned enterprise through socialist transformation, with unified purchase and marketing With the reform and opening up, private businesses have returned to the Jianghu, and Chongqing herbal medicine market has been rejuvenated.