The Production Process of N-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-yl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine

N-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-yl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine, also known as BF2AM, is a molecule that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its unique optical properties.
It is used in various applications, including as a material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and as a sensitizer in solar cells.
The production process of BF2AM involves several steps, each of which must be carefully controlled to ensure the quality of the final product.

Step 1: Synthesis of 1,1'-Biphenyl
The first step in the production of BF2AM involves the synthesis of 1,1'-Biphenyl.
This is typically achieved through a reaction between acetylene and benzene in the presence of a catalyst, such as copper(II) chloride.
The reaction can be represented as follows:

C2H2 + C6H6 → C12H10

Step 2: Condensation of Biphenyl with p-Amino-Naphtalic Acid
Once 1,1'-Biphenyl has been synthesized, it is condensed with p-amino-naphtalic acid (PANA) to form the precursor N-PANB.
This reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as toluene or dichloromethane, and a coupling agent, such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.
4.
0]-undec-7-ene (DBU).
The reaction can be represented as follows:

C12H10 + C6H7NO2 → N-C6H7N-(1',1'-Biphenyl-2-yl)-C6H10

Step 3: Amidation of N-PANB
The next step in the production of BF2AM involves the amidation of N-PANB.
This is typically achieved by reacting N-PANB with a primary amine, such as 2-amino-9,9-dimethyl-fluorenone (3).
The reaction can be represented as follows:

N-C6H7N-(1',1'-Biphenyl-2-yl)-C6H10 + 2-NH2-C9H11 → N-C6H7N-(1',1'-Biphenyl-2-yl)-C9H11

Step 4: Dehydration of N-PANB
The next step in the production of BF2AM involves the dehydration of N-PANB.
This is typically achieved by heating the compound in the presence of a dehydrating agent, such as sodium hydride or potassium permanganate.
The reaction can be represented as follows:

N-C6H7N-(1',1'-Biphenyl-2-yl)-C9H11 → N-C6H7N-(1',1'-Biphenyl-2-yl)-C5H5N

Step 5: Reduction of N-PANB
The final step in the production of BF2AM involves the reduction of N-PANB to form the final product.
This is typically achieved by treating the compound with a reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4).
The reaction can be represented as follows:

N-C6H7N-(1',1'-Biphenyl-2-yl)-C5H5N + LiAlH4 → N-[1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-yl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine + LiCl

Overall, the production process of BF2AM involves several steps, each of which must be carefully controlled to ensure the quality of the final product.
The compound is used in