The Production Process of 4-hydroxy-N,N-diphenyl-(4R)-2-Pentynamide

4-hydroxy-N,N-diphenyl-(4R)-2-Pentynamide, also known as AP39, is a synthetic cannabinoid that has been gained popularity in the recreational drug market.
The chemical compound is known for its psychoactive effects, which are similar to that of THC, the active ingredient in marijuana.
The production process of AP39 involves a series of chemical reactions that convert simple starting materials into the final product.

The production process of AP39 can be divided into several steps, including the synthesis of the starting materials, the formation of the tin(IV)ate ion, and the final synthesis of AP39.

Step 1: Synthesis of starting materials
The starting materials for the production of AP39 are p-xylene and 4-chlorophenyl borate.
p-xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is used as a starting material in the production of a wide range of chemicals.
4-chlorophenyl borate is a halogenated aromatic compound that is used as a building block in the synthesis of AP39.

Step 2: Formation of tin(IV)ate ion
The next step in the production process of AP39 involves the formation of the tin(IV)ate ion.
This is done by reacting p-xylene with sodium hydroxide in the presence of water.
The reaction results in the formation of the tin(IV)ate ion, which is a highly reactive species that can react with other chemicals to form new compounds.

Step 3: Synthesis of AP39
The final step in the production process of AP39 involves the synthesis of the compound itself.
This is done by reacting the tin(IV)ate ion with 4-chlorophenyl borate in the presence of a solvent such as dichloromethane.
The reaction results in the formation of AP39, which can then be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture.

The production process of AP39 can be summarized in the following steps:

1. Synthesis of starting materials (p-xylene and 4-chlorophenyl borate)
2. Formation of tin(IV)ate ion through the reaction of p-xylene and sodium hydroxide
3. Synthesis of AP39 through the reaction of tin(IV)ate ion and 4-chlorophenyl borate in the presence of a solvent

The production process of AP39 is a complex and multi-step process that involves the use of various chemical reactions and reaction conditions.
The final product is a synthetic cannabinoid that is known for its psychoactive effects and is used for recreational purposes.
It is important to note that the production and use of AP39 is illegal in many countries and regions, and its production should only be carried out by trained professionals in controlled environments.