The Production Process of 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile

The production process of 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile is a complex and multi-step process that involves various chemical reactions and purification steps.
The starting material for the production of 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile is nitrobenzene, which is reacted with hydrogen bromide to form 4-bromonitrobenzene.
The 4-bromonitrobenzene is then reacted with sodium hydroxide to form 4-nitrophenol, which is then reduced to 4-aminonitrobenzene using hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

The next step in the production process is the coupling of two molecules of 4-aminonitrobenzene to form 2,5-diaminonitrobenzene.
The coupling reaction is typically carried out in an organic solvent, such as dimethylformamide, at an elevated temperature, such as 150-180 degrees Celsius.
The resulting 2,5-diaminonitrobenzene is then hydrolyzed using hydrochloric acid to form 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile.

The 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile is then typically purified by recrystallization, which involves dissolving the crude product in a solvent, such as ethanol or methanol, and allowing the solvent to slowly evaporate.
The resulting crystals are then collected and dried, resulting in a pure sample of 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile.

The production process of 2,5-dibromonicotinonitrile is typically carried out on a small scale in research laboratories or on a larger scale in industrial production facilities.
The process is highly dependent on the purity of the starting materials and the conditions used in the various chemical reactions and purification steps.