The ozone layer is hollow

in the upper atmosphere(height range is approximately 15kmto 25km)above the ground, and a significant amount of ozone(O 3 ) is produced by oxygen absorbing ultraviolet radiation from thesun. Photons first break down oxygen molecules into oxygen atoms, which react with oxygen molecules to produce ozone: O 3 and O 2 are isotopes, both gases under normal temperature and pressure conditions.whenconcentration3O-3 reaches its maximum in the atmosphere, an ozone layer about 20 kmis formed. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light at wavelengths between 220nmand 330nm , thus preventing this high-energy ultraviolet ray from harming life on Earth.past human activities have not reached the height of the stratosphere( elevation of about 30km) , while the ozone layer is mainly distributed from the ground 15kmto 35km of the atmosphere, so it has not been taken seriously. The results of continuous measurements in recent years confirm that the ozone layer has begun to thin and even become hollow.1985, it was discovered that an ozone hole similar in size to the continental United States had appeared above antarctica, and in in 1989 another ozone hole was being discovered over the Arctic. Since then, it has been found that the hole is not fixed in an area, but is moving every year and the area is expanding. The thinning of the ozone layer and the emergence of holes mean that more ultraviolet radiation lines reach the ground. Ultraviolet rays are destructive to organisms, damage to human skin, eyes, and even the immune system, and strong ultraviolet rays can affect the normal survival of fish, shrimp and other aquatic organisms, and even cause the extinction of some organisms, which can seriously hinder the normal growth of various crops and trees, and can lead to an increase in the greenhouse effect. gases produced by human activities, such as nitrogen oxides and HCFCs, have a significant impact on ozone levels in the atmosphere. There are many explanations for the destruction of the ozone layer, one of which is recognized as the heavy use of fluorine. Fluorine is widely used as a refrigerant, foaming agent, cleaning agent, air spray, etc. Fluorine is chemically stable, volatile and insoluble in water. However, when entering the strata of the atmosphere, Cl atoms are decomposed by ultraviolet radiation, and Cl atoms can trigger reactions that disrupt the O 3 cycle: Cl O 3 → ClO O 2 ClO O → Cl O 2 the Cl atom consumed by the first reaction, re-produced in the second reaction, and can be re-produced with another O 3 reaction, so each Cl atomic energy involved in a large number of destructive O 3 reactions, the total reaction of the two reactions is: O 3 O → 2O 22 The final result of the reaction was to transform O 3 into O 2 , while the Cl atom itself acted only as a catalyst, repeatedly breaking down O 3. O 3 was destroyed by reactions caused by Cl released from fluorine molecules. addition, the exhaust gas of large jets and the release height of nuclear explosive soot can reach the strata, which contains a variety of pollutants that can be associated with O 3, such as NO and certain free fundamentals. Population growth and the massive application of nitrogen fertilizer can also harm the ozone layer. The
compound
, which releases various types of nitrogen into the atmosphere during the decomposition of nitrogen fertilizer, may be harmful nitrous oxide (N 2 O) , which triggers the following reaction: N 2 O O → N 2 O 2 N 2 O 2 → 2NO NO O 3 → NO 2 O 2 NO 2 → O → O 2 O 3 O → 2O 2 NO according to the above reactive cycle, so that O 3TT decomposition. in order to protect the ozone layer from destruction, the Montreal Protocol, the International Protocol banning the use of HCFCs and other halogenated hydrocarbons, was signed in 1987. However, the rate at which the ozone layer is thinning is still accelerating. Both over the Antarctic region and the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, O 3 decreased. At the same time, there is a heated debate about the mechanisms for the destruction of the ozone layer. For example, the continuous motion nature of the atmosphere makes it difficult to determine whether changes in ozone content are caused by dynamic ups and downs or by chemical damage, which is one of the points of contention. Since the observations of atmospheric ozone by scientists with different perspectives in their respective regions are local and limited, it may be necessary to establish a global monitoring network of ozone concentrations and ultraviolet intensity. The United Nations Environment Programme has estimated the environmental effects of ozone depletion and believes that for every per cent reduction in ozone, physiologically destructive ultraviolet rays will increase by 1.3 per cent, thus recognizing the dangers of ozone reduction to the survival of plants and animals, particularly human beings. The protection of the ozone layer depends on international cooperation and positive and effective responses.