The number of ferns collected in Shenzhen ranks first in China

Recently, the reporter learned from Xianhu botanical garden that there are 2500 species of Pteridophytes in China At present, Shenzhen has collected more than 800 kinds of living pteridophytes, becoming the first city in China to collect pteridophytes It is understood that up to now, the Xianhu botanical garden has introduced nearly a thousand fern species from Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan and other places At present, there are still about 800 kinds of ferns, and the survival rate of introduction and cultivation reaches 80% Since 1990, Xianhu botanical garden began to collect living ferns "There are nearly 200 species of ferns in Shenzhen For a highly urbanized city, Shenzhen has more ferns, mainly distributed in Wutong Mountain, seven Niangshan and three Chau fields, and other forests with better preservation." Said Liu Hongmei, doctor of Xianhu botanical garden "Shenzhen is located in the south subtropical region The warm and humid climate is very suitable for the growth of ferns It has unique geographical and climatic advantages Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of Xianhu botanical garden, ferns were listed as one of the key collection groups." Liu Hongmei also told reporters that after more than 10 years of accumulation of scientific researchers in Xianhu botanical garden, Shenzhen has not only ranked first in the number of living fern collection in China, but also carried out a series of rare and endangered and ornamental fern collection and breeding Xianhu botanical garden, combined with the construction of the park and the diverse geographical conditions in the park, has built an outdoor fern planting site covering an area of more than 20 mu in humid, humid and semi-arid areas by using the Youxi, Jingyi and Xiaoyao valleys in the park At the same time, a fern conservation greenhouse covering an area of more than 2000 square meters with controllable temperature and humidity has been established in the science popularization experimental Park, realizing the three-dimensional cultivation of ferns, and introducing a bar code system into the daily management of ferns, which has become the most perfect organization of fern collection types and technical platform in China Since 1997, Xianhu botanical garden has introduced more than 30 kinds of rare pteridophytes from all over the country According to the ecological environment of the original place of these pteridophytes, natural cultivation methods have been adopted Up to now, there are more than 30 species of rare and endangered pteridophytes collected in Shenzhen, including pteridopteris tenuifolia, Osmunda japonica, Adiantum lotifolia, pteridopteris fanifolia, Pennisetum banded, cycad fern and water fern There are more than 40 species of pteridophytes artificially propagated, such as pteridopteris anemonea, nephropteris, penholder tree, etc "Among them, Osmunda japonica is a new natural hybrid species discovered by researchers of Xianhu botanical garden in recent years in qiliangshan, Shenzhen, with no more than 10 plants in the field." Liu Hongmei said Osmunda japonica is a medium-sized perennial herbaceous fern, which is only found in Qiyun mountain of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Chongyi of Jiangxi Province Since the discovery of Osmunda japonica in the middle of the 19th century, the number of records is extremely rare It is almost impossible to see it in the wild environment for nearly half a century At present, researchers in Xianhu botanical garden have carried out research work such as tissue culture As an important place to protect plant resources, Xianhu botanical garden in Shenzhen has been committed to the introduction and ex situ protection of ferns For example, halberd fern, once considered extinct, was successfully cultivated by researchers in Xianhu botanical garden in 2012 through spore propagation In addition, the first-class national key protected wild plant, Adiantum lotifolia, originally grew in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with a small number Later, due to the water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the growing place of Adiantum lotifolia was submerged In 2002, in order to prevent the extinction of the species, Xianhu botanical garden was introduced to Xianhu fern Germplasm Resources Conservation Center for growth In fact, there are many national level protected plants in Shenzhen, among which the ferns are Alsophila spinulosa, cycad fern and golden dog, all of which belong to the national level II protected plants Liu Hongmei said In order to protect the national second-class protected plant Alsophila, six tree ferns have been introduced into Shenzhen Xianhu botanical garden from various ways, namely spinulose, Yinsheng spinulose, black spinulose, big black spinulose, small black spinulose and penholder tree These tree ferns can produce a large number of mature spores every year, and the population can be expanded through artificial propagation Liu Hongmei said: "the living environment of many rare wild plants is worrying Through artificial propagation, it is beneficial to prevent some endangered species from extinction." It is understood that in addition to the investigation of local pteridophyte resources in Shenzhen and the completion of the list of wild Pteridophytes in Shenzhen, Xianhu botanical garden has also carried out the research of Pteridophyte conservation biology from various aspects, including the research of reproductive biology such as spore culture and tissue culture, and has obtained DNA materials of thousands of pteridophytes.