The new version of the "Influenza Vaccine Vaccination Guidelines" has been released, and these 5 groups of people should be vaccinated in time!

*For medical professionals only

About flu vaccination, see what the latest guidelines say?

Recently, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued the "Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China (2022-2023)", which has been updated and revised on the basis of the 2021 edition of the guidelines:

Major updates

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Now extract the guide part of the brief collation, mainly contains 7 parts, namely the influenza vaccination population, vaccination type, vaccination frequency, vaccination timing, vaccination site and method, vaccination contraindications, with other vaccines at the same time and the impact of drugs on the vaccine, let's take a look at it

These 5 groups of people should be vaccinated in time!

Timely vaccination in the following key and high-risk groups is preferred:

1.
Medical personnel, including clinical treatment personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.
;

2.
Participants and support personnel of large-scale activities;

3.
Vulnerable people and employees in places where people gather in old-age institutions, long-term care institutions, welfare homes and so on;

4.
People in key places, such as teachers and students in childcare institutions, primary and secondary schools, detainees and staff in prison institutions, and so forth;

5.
Other high-risk groups of influenza, including the elderly at home aged 60 years and older, children aged 6 months to 5 years old, people with chronic diseases, family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months of age, and pregnant women
.

▌ Do patients with chronic diseases want to fight? What should I do if I am under 6 months of age?

• Patients with chronic diseases include patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (except simple hypertension), chronic respiratory diseases, liver and kidney insufficiency, blood diseases, neurological diseases, neuromuscular dysfunction, metabolic diseases (including diabetes), patients with immunosuppressive diseases or immunocompromised diseases, and the risk of severe illness after the flu is high, and the flu vaccine
  should be given priority.
  
• Since existing influenza vaccines cannot be given directly to infants under 6 months of age, this population can prevent influenza through influenza
  vaccination during maternal pregnancy and through influenza vaccination of family members and caregivers of infants.
  
  

Which vaccine works better?

The updated composition of influenza vaccines in China from 2022 to 2023 includes trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3), quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) and live trivalent influenza vaccine (LAIV3), IIV3 includes lysis vaccine and subvaccine, IIV4 is a lysis vaccine, and LAIV3 is an attenuated vaccine
.

Trivalent inactivated vaccines have lysis vaccines and subvaccines that can be used to ≥ 6-month-old population and include both 0.
25 ml and 0.
5 ml dosage forms;

The quadrivalent vaccine is a lysate vaccine that can be used to ≥ 6-month-old population and includes both 0.
25 ml and 0.
5 ml dosage forms;

The trivalent live attenuated vaccine is a lyophilized preparation for people aged 3 to 17 years, with 0.
2 ml
per dose.

The 0.
25 ml dosage form contains 7.
5 μg of hemagglutinin per component for infants and young children aged 6-35 months, and the 0.
5 ml dosage form contains 15 μg of hemagglutinin per component and is suitable for people
over 36 months of age ≥.

The 0.
2 ml dosage form contains A (H1N1)pdm09 and A (H3N2) two attenuated virus titers of not less than 6.
9 lg EID50 (50% egg infectious dose, EID50), containing B (Victoria) attenuated virus titer not less than 6.
4 lg EID50
.

For people who can be vaccinated with different types or manufacturers of vaccine products, any influenza vaccine can be voluntarily selected by the recipient, and there is no priority recommendation
.

How is the number of vaccinations determined?

For IIV, children aged 6 months to 8 years of age who receive the first influenza vaccine should receive 2 doses at ≥4 weeks apart;

Children who have received 1 dose or more of the influenza vaccine in 2021-2022 are recommended to be given 1 dose;

Children 9 years of age and older and adults are only required to receive 1 dose
.

For LAIV, only 1 dose is given, regardless of whether the flu vaccine has been given or
not.

Timing of vaccination: No longer emphasis on vaccination by the end of October, vaccination can be carried out at all stages of the year

Influenza manifests itself in temperate regions as a seasonal epidemic and high incidence
of winter and spring each year.

In the tropics, especially in Asia, influenza seasonality is highly diverse, ranging from semi-annual or year-round cyclical epidemics to year-round cycles
.

Since March 2020, influenza has shown a very low epidemic level in our country; Influenza activity in southern provinces has slowly increased from the end of 2020 to September 2021, and short-term low levels of epidemic in northern provinces have only been in March-May 2021; Since around October 2021, the northern and southern provinces began to enter the autumn and winter high incidence season and reached the winter peak in early 2022, gradually falling back to a low level in March 2022, mainly
in the B (Victoria) system.

Since May 2022, influenza activity in southern provinces of China has once again shown a continuous upward trend, entering a high incidence period in summer, reaching the highest level in the same period in the past 5 years, with the A(H3N2) subtype as the absolute dominant strain; During the same period, influenza activity in the northern provinces was at a low level
.

Usually 2 to 4 weeks after influenza vaccination, antibodies
with protective levels are produced.

In order to ensure that recipients receive immunization protection before the high incidence season of influenza, it is recommended that all localities arrange vaccination work as soon as possible after the popularization of vaccines, and it is best to complete immunization before the local influenza epidemic season, and vaccination can provide immunization services
throughout the epidemic season.

During the same influenza epidemic season, people who have completed the full vaccination in accordance with the vaccination procedure do not need to be vaccinated
.

Pregnant women can get influenza shots at any stage of pregnancy, and it is recommended that they be vaccinated
as early as possible as soon as the current year's influenza vaccine is available.

Inoculation site and method

• IIV is inoculated with intramuscular injection
  .
  
  Vaccination of the deltoid muscles of the upper arm is preferred in adults and children older than 1 year, and the anterolateral thighs are preferably
  given to infants and young children aged 6 months to 1 year.
  

• The inoculation of LAV is carried out using an intranasal spray method and injection
  is strictly prohibited.
  
  

Contraindications to vaccination

• Vaccination is prohibited for those who are allergic to any of the ingredients contained in the vaccine (including excipients, formaldehyde, lysers and antibiotics) or who have had a history of severe allergies to any kind of influenza vaccination
  .
  
  Patients with acute onset of acute illness, severe chronic disease, or chronic illness, and fever are recommended to recover or be vaccinated
  after stable control.
  
  Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination are recommended to be evaluated by a doctor to consider whether to vaccinate
  .
  
  

• The following groups of people are prohibited from receiving LAIV: (1) Immunocompromised people due to drug use, HIV infection, etc.
  (2) Children and adolescents who have been treated for a long time with drugs containing aspirin or salicylic acid; (3) Children aged 2 to 4 with asthma; (4) Pregnant women; (5) People with a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS); (6) Those who have used antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir 48 hours before vaccination, or who have used peramivir 5 days before vaccination, or who
  have used baroxavir 17 days before vaccination.
  
  

• Egg allergy is not contraindicated
  .
  
  

Can I get it at the same time as the COVID-19 vaccine?

• COVID-19 vaccine: People aged 18 and over can receive inactivated influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine on both limbs at the time of a single immunization service; For people under the age of 18, it is recommended that the interval between influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccination is still greater than 14 days
  .
  
  

• Non-COVID-19 vaccines: IIV and other inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines such as pneumococcal vaccine, herpes zoster vaccine, chickenpox vaccine, measles vaccine, DTP vaccine can be given at different sites at the same time; However, after LAIV vaccination, other live attenuated vaccines must be given at intervals
  of more than 28 days.
  
  Older people over the age of 65 can receive both inactivated influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine
  .
  

  Note: In terms of medications, the use of immunosuppressants (such as corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, or radiation therapy) may affect the effectiveness of immunity after vaccination
  .
  
  IIV
  can also be vaccinated during prevention and treatment with influenza antiviral drugs.
  

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the references:[1] "Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China (2022-2023)"
This article Source: Medical Clinical Pharmacy Channel This article is organized: Radish Bai Cai Responsible Editor: Peng Jianping Dai Dai Copyright
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