The new strategy of "gout diet": low-fat and low-carbon water has become a key word

How uncomfortable is a gout attack? In addition to the strong sense of joint swelling and tenderness, dietary restrictions also make people with high uric acid feel "loveless"
.

How do people with gout eat? Recently, experts such as Geng Yahui, director of the Department of Endocrinology of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Huang Jianlin, director of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and Liu Peng, director of the Department of Clinical Nutrition of Peking University People's Hospital, gave the latest dietary advice
for gout patients.

Gout is closely related to eating

Gout is a joint redness, swelling, pain, and even dysfunction
caused by high uric acid.

As early as the 5th century BC, Hippocrates, the "father of medicine" in ancient Greece, analyzed the population where gout occurred, and believed that gout was related
to indulgent diet.
Modern medicine has also confirmed that both men and women, a high-purine diet is a predisposing factor
for acute gout.

In daily life, many people like to eat high-purine foods
such as seafood and animal offal.
Purines in the diet are catabolized to produce uric acid, and when the body's purine metabolism disorders produce too much uric acid and (or) uric acid excretion decreases, hyperuricemia will be formed, which will lead to gout
.
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism, about 20% of the human body's purine comes from food, 80% is produced by cell metabolism in the body, diet structure and habits will affect its metabolism
.

In medicine, hyperuricemia is defined as: under a normal purine diet, the blood uric acid level on the same day is higher than 420 micromol/L in men and 360 micromol/L
in women.

The saturated concentration of urate in the blood is 420 μmol/L (regardless of gender), beyond which it can cause the precipitation of urate crystals and deposits
in the joint cavity and other tissues.
If deposited in the joints, gouty arthritis may occur, which is often referred to as a "gout attack"
.

5 new suggestions

In the past, dietary interventions for gout patients were often based on purine control, eating purine-free or low-purine foods
as much as possible.

If a completely purine-free diet is adhered to, uric acid can be reduced by 60 micromol/l, but due to the difficulty of matching and poor taste, patients often cannot adhere to
it for a long time.

To this end, scientists have recently proposed a new diet strategy
for gout patients.
In general, there are the following 5 core requirements
.

Low fat, lower inflammation levels Long-term high-fat diets can cause excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the body, leading to or aggravating obesity and increasing systemic inflammation levels
.
High fat intake will also increase free fatty acids in the body, induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and make urate more crystallized, thereby inducing acute gout
.
Therefore, patients with gout should eat as low-fat diet
as possible.

Low-carbon water, help uric acid metabolism Carbohydrates often contain more saccharides, which will interfere with uric acid metabolism, which can increase serum uric acid levels and reduce uric acid excretion
than if sugar.
Limiting carbohydrates such as sugary drinks and fruit juices (especially orange juice) can effectively prevent gout attacks
.

High in plant protein, reduced purine synthesis Compared to a diet rich in plant protein, a diet rich in animal protein promotes the production of acidic urine and the formation
of uric acid stones.
The protein source of gout patients should be based on plant protein, such as soy products and dairy products
.
However, a high-protein diet can increase the synthesis of endogenous purines, and the intake should not be too high, and it is recommended to take 1 gram / kg / day as the standard
.

High fiber, regulation of intestinal flora Patients with hyperuricemia will have a decrease in the richness and diversity of intestinal flora, and harmful bacteria will increase, which can induce inflammation
.
Eating more dietary fiber helps regulate the balance of intestinal microecology and the body's energy balance, reduce inflammation and weight loss, killing two birds
with one stone.

With drugs, it needs to be divided into degrees Many patients have gout is not entirely due to diet, lifestyle intervention is only one aspect, and often drug treatment
is required.
Patients with mild gout are still mainly based on dietary adjustment, supplemented by drug treatment; Patients with severe gout should have a combination of diet and long-term drug treatment
.

These new strategies improve treatment outcomes
by reducing purine intake and integrating interventions to control uric acid.
According to the above points, gout patients can choose the appropriate diet according to their preferences and course of the disease, and their compliance will be higher
.

4 little details

In addition to this, there are 4 details
of life to pay attention to.

Drink plenty of water Water is the most economical uric acid lowering "drug"
.
Not only should you drink water when the pain occurs, but you should also ensure that you drink 1500-2000 ml of water
.
Patients with kidney stones should preferably reach 3000 ml, and those with renal insufficiency or abnormal cardiopulmonary function should limit water intake
according to their condition.

Moderate weight control Body mass index (BMI) is positively correlated with hyperuricemia, and obese or overweight gout patients should also control their total daily energy intake and appropriately reduce protein and fat intake
.
Do not lose weight too quickly, lose up to 2-4 kg per month, otherwise it is easy to cause an acute attack of
gout.

Pay attention to keep warm Cold is one of the causes of gout, and in the season of large temperature difference between day and night, people with gout should pay more attention to keeping warm
.
Heating increases uric acid solubility, on the contrary, cooling causes uric acid to precipitate, forming crystals and causing pain
.

Gout patients can do aerobic exercises such as walking, tai chi, and square dancing, but they should not be vigorous
.
Patients with high uric acid are often complicated by other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc.
, and strenuous exercise can lead to myocardial ischemia, increased blood pressure, and health risks
.

In addition, the bones of some gout patients are severely corroded by uric acid, and exercise may cause stress fractures, so it is best to do
what you can.
(Editor Li Chuang)