The new method lets you see cell carcinoma

April 29, Katharine Ullman of the Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah and Adam Frost and colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco, published a study in Nature that expands understanding of the complex process of cell division.
found that the protein LEM2 has two important functions in cell division. First, LEM2 helps form a protective layer in the nuclei of the cell, protecting both sets of DNA from damage. Second, LEM2 absorbs factors that break down the fiber "devices".
to replace aging and worn cells, the body uses a process called silky division to divide one cell into two. When a cell is ready to divide, it copies its own DNA so that each child cell has a complete copy. In this process, DNA fragments or chromosomes must be precisely distributed to child cells. If a cell's DNA copy is incomplete or damaged, it can lead to genetic disorders and diseases, such as cancer.
in order for cell division to occur, both sets of DNA must be located at both ends of the cell. First, the nucleosyte, which usually contains DNA, breaks down its protective layer. The chromosomes are then separated by a fiber "device". Finally, the cells divide into two, each with a re-formed nucleocle inside.
to visualize the role of LEM2 in filamentation, the researchers used color fluorescent markers to distinguish between different components: LEM2, fiber, and DNA. This allowed the team to photograph LEM2 -- from the first time it binds to complete fibers to when they are broken down. They observed that the LEM2 protein and other proteins (ESCRT) gathered and formed a gel-like seal at the hole where the fiber passed through the nuclear protective layer of the cell. This LEM2 "O-ring" effectively closes the re-formed outer membrane, protecting each group of DNA from surrounding material.
", using our imaging methods, can see what happens within about 5 minutes of cell division, which is often difficult to study. Dollie LaJoie, a researcher and co-author of the Ullman study, said.
Ulman said: "We used different methods to better explain the role of LEM2, and my team focused on the process of living cells, while Frost focused on learning more about the protein itself. The
gel-like separation may be important for other key cellular functions involved in LEM2, the authors note. The researchers also found that when LEM2 binds to the nuclei of cells, interference can cause DNA damage, which can jeopardize the normal functioning of cells.
Ullman said: "This work opens the door to finding new ways to damage DNA, which in some cases can lead to cancer. In
next step, Ullman and Frost Labs will build on this work to investigate the link between inappropriate nucleation and DNA damage, as well as how cancer cells lack proper regulation during nuclear assembly and repair. (Source: Tang Erdu, China Science Journal)
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