The myth of nutritional supplements that are breaking down

1931
,


,
30, published
"The Nature of
Chemical Bonds


" in the Journal of the American Chemical
Society. The paper made Paulin a professor at the California Institute of Technology, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and became the youngest scientist to be selected to the American Academy of Sciences.35
years later, Pauline, a two-time Nobel Laureate who has made many major contributions and honors in chemistry, biology and other fields, received a letter from Owen
.
Stone, who studied biochemistry at the university for two years before receiving an honorary degree from Los Angeles College of Ridges, and then a Ph.D. from Pheasant to Dausbach University, where he could no longer pheasant. In his letter, Stone recommends that Pauline take
3
grams of vitamin
C
daily to ensure that Helin can live another
25 years or more
Inconceivable, Pauline, who was side-by-side with Einstein and was known as the
20th
-century science superstar, took the advice of an alternative medical professional and started taking vitamin
C


and felt healthy.1970, in
, Pauline published Vitamin
C
and the Common Cold, calling on people to take
3
grams of vitamin
C
a day, arguing that the common cold would become history and became a bestseller as soon as it was published.
was re-published in
1976 to "Vitamin
C
, Common Cold and Influenza", which caused vitamin
C
fever in the United States, sales of vitamin
C
increased
4
times, and
5
0 million Americans heeded Pauline's advice, so much so that vitamin

was out of stock.vitamin
C
prevention of the common cold is not difficult to verify, the University of Maryland School of Medicine immediately conducted a double-blind experiment, found
11,
volunteers, eating
3
grams of vitamin
C
a day, and
10
sugar tablets, three weeks after they were vaccinated against the cold virus, all of them caught a cold virus, and the course of the disease is no different. A double-blind
3,
3,500 people at the University of Toronto also proved that vitamin
C
prevent the common cold.
2002
, the Netherlands tested the effects of multivitamins on
,
volunteers, which also did not prevent the common cold. At least
15
studies have concluded the same: vitamin C

prevent and treat the common cold. Authorities, including
FDA
, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, and the Federal Department of Health and Human Services, do not recommend vitamin
C
for the prevention and treatment of the common cold.Pauline went on to promote his vitamin
C
anti-common cold theory, claiming it was allergic after the media discovered he also had a cold, and soon found another magic cure for vitamin
C
: cancer.1971
, Pauline received a letter from Ewing

Cameron, a surgeon at a small hospital in Scotland, claiming that giving cancer patients
10
grams of vitamin
C
a day was better than not eating. Pauline's request to be published on
PNAS
was one of only three papers submitted by members of the Academy of Sciences in more than half a century. The paper was later published in the journal Oncology, and other scientists analyzed the data and found that Cameron singled out healthy patients for vitamin
C
. So far, the scientific community has sneered at
'
theory of vitamin C and C.Mr. Paulin continued to fool around, saying that vitamin
C
reduced cancer mortality
10 percent
, later changing to
75 percent
, claiming that life expectancy in the United States could rise to
100,
to
110,
years, with a maximum of
150,
years. Many cancer patients were fooled by him, using vitamin
C
as a god medicine.Given that Pauline's gimmicks seriously misled cancer patients, Charles

Mortel of the Mayo Clinic divided
150,
cancer patients into two groups, one giving vitamin
C
and the other not giving, resulting in no difference in symptoms or mortality. Pauline believes it is the effects of chemotherapy, emphasizing that
C
treatment of cancer must be without chemotherapy. Mortel did another experiment as he said, but it didn't make any difference. Pauline's vitamin
C
treatment for cancer has been rejected by other scientists, and only he is so convinced that he even intends to take Mortel to court., Pauline again put forward a new theory, raw vitamin
C
and high-dose vitamin
A
, vitamin
E
, selenium and
β
carotene together can cure a hundred diseases, including AIDS, the myth of nutritional supplements blown to the extreme. Pauline also stressed that taking vitamins in large doses
C
any side effects. Both Paulin and his wife eventually died of cancer, and he
from
cancer in 1994.The year, relying on the gimmicks of Pauline and his followers, the Nutritional Supplements Lobby successfully lobbied in Congress to pass the

Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act
"
, limiting the
FDA
rights, as long as manufacturers do not say on the label the prevention and treatment of diseases,
fda
no right to interfere, leaving
FDA
only classify nutritional supplements as food, not medicine. Under existing regulations, manufacturers only need to prove that nutritional supplements are safe and do not need to prove their efficacy. The
's
must prove harmful before it can act.
fda
does not have this ability to detect at most one-tenth of safety issues, and according to estimates by the
2012

FDA
, at least
70% of
nutritional supplements are not produced as required by the
FDA
.The bill gives the green light to nutritional supplements, setting off a nutritional supplement boom that has so far killed more than
5
5,000 nutritional supplements and taken more than half of Americans.because of Pauline's large number of believers, agencies have had to invest heavily in evaluating the effectiveness of nutritional supplements in preventing and treating diseases.a

1994
smokers in Finland, it was found that taking vitamin
E
and
β
carotene increased mortality.1996
, a large study of
18,000
Seattle residents exposed to asbestos had to be urgently discontinued because the cancer mortality rate in the vitamin
A
and
β
carotene group was
28%
and the heart disease mortality rate was
17%
higher than in the control group.
2004,



vitamins

,
C
,
E
and
β
carotene test results were analyzed and found that taking antioxidants had no preventive effect on small intestine cancer, with
7,
of the best studies finding a
6%
mortality rate in the vitamin group. 2005
an analysis of
19
found that taking vitamin

increased the risk of death. 2007
, men who took multivitamins were found to be twice as likely to die from prostate cancer as those who did not. 2008
, an analysis of all the studies at the time found that antioxidants increased the risk of tumours and heart disease.
2011, a study of
,39,000
women found that those who took multivitamins, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron had a higher mortality rate than those who did not. A
of
36,000 men found that taking vitamin
E
and selenium increased the risk of prostate cancer by
17
. 2012
an analysis of
20
study found that fish oil did not reduce the risk of heart disease. this year, negative reports of nutritional supplements have been on the rise. February
, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force analyzed
135,
studies and found that calcium tablets did not prevent fractures in post-menopausal women. May
, the New England Journal of Medicine published an Italian study that said fish oil does not improve heart protection. July
, the National Cancer Institute paper: Fish oil increases the risk of prostate disease by 43%
43%
. 8
,
Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
paper: Calcium tablets do not prevent bone density decline in breast cancer patients. October
Lancet paper: Vitamin D tablets
not
increase bone density. ,
,
BMC
and Alternative Medicine published a large study: Taking
CoEnzyme Q10
, Fish Oil, Iron,
Biberry
,
Echinacea
,
Evening Primrose
oil, garlic,
Goldenseal
and
Mike Thristle
can raise blood pressure. the results of these large-scale studies continue to defy the myth of nutritional supplements. The effective results of a few nutritional supplements are in the treatment of specific populations and patients. as renowned paediatrician Paul

Ofit said:
"
Pauline is the world's most successful
"
. His one-man myth of nutritional supplements has had a huge impact on public health over the past
40
years, leading many people to think that there are shortcuts to health rather than establishing and adhering to a healthy diet, leading to an increase in chronic diseases. In recent years, international authorities have tried to promote eating more foods rich in vitamins and minerals, which has led many people to change their views, and it is precisely because of this awareness and demand that the U.S. food industry, including fast food, has also played a health card, with a growing proportion of healthy foods. That's what China has to learn from. make up