The most impacted agricultural products after entering WTO: corn, wheat and soybean

Introduction: Recently, Fu Tingdong, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering and professor of Huazhong Agricultural University, made a report on the opportunities and challenges faced by China's agricultural production after China's accession to the WTO at the academician report meeting of WTO and Anhui oil industry science and Technology Forum It provides intellectual capital and authoritative information for participants Academician Fu pointed out that the main factors of international agricultural product competition are quality and price He illustrated it with the most obvious examples For example, the rice market in Hong Kong accounted for 52% in 1977, 35% in 1987 and 27% in 1997 The rice market in mainland China was basically squeezed out of the Hong Kong market by products from Thailand and other countries The main reason is that the quality of our rice is poor and the packaging and processing can not keep up with it After China's accession to WTO, which agricultural products have been impacted and which have competitive advantages? According to Fu, the most impacted agricultural products are corn, wheat and soybeans For example, the cost of corn is 0.32 yuan / kg in the United States and 0.46-0.5 yuan / kg in Jilin, China The reason of high cost is low mechanization and small scale, and large amount of fertilizer The average amount of chemical fertilizer applied in China is 17.5kg/mu, 4.2 times of that in the United States and 9 times of that in Russia Compared with the international market, the price of rape, peanut and soybean is the most competitive The domestic price is more than 30% lower than the international market price, while the domestic price of rape and soybean is equal to or slightly higher than the international market price Vegetables are the most competitive The price of vegetables in China is only 1 / 5-1 / 8 of that in foreign countries After China's accession to the WTO, the export of vegetables has obvious advantages As for animal husbandry, compared with the international market, the export of high-quality pigs, sheep and beef may have greater potential In the face of WTO entry, how to meet the challenges, academician Fu suggested that we should start from the following aspects: first, we should ensure the sustainable development of agriculture, ensure the supply of food and food, and increase the income of farmers This is a core issue In recent years, the increase of farmers' income is declining In 1996, the increase of farmers' income was 9%, 4.6% in 1997, 4.4% in 1998, 4.2% in 1999 and 2.0% in 2000 After China's accession to WTO, most agricultural products will be impacted, and structural adjustment is even more important According to experts' analysis, the main advantages of agricultural production in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are rice, rape and aquatic products Therefore, we should make full use of our advantages and develop superior products At the same time, the development of "organic agriculture" and the production of pollution-free organic food are popular in the world Secondly, we should vigorously develop animal husbandry and improve the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry Animal husbandry can make full use of agricultural and sideline products, barren mountains and lakes, and develop grass industry Therefore, we should take measures according to local conditions and vigorously plant grass to raise livestock and poultry At the same time, silage technology can solve the problem of feed shortage in winter and spring, prevent snow disaster, reduce soil erosion, and develop feed rape in reserved cotton row Third, vigorously promote and popularize high-quality rape The main problems of rapeseed in China are that the double low quality is inferior to Canada and Australia, especially the oil content is 2-4 percentage points lower The rape oil quantity in the Yangtze River Basin is about 40%, and Canada and Australia are 42% - 44%, and the water and impurities are less, and the price is not dominant Therefore, it is necessary to popularize double low varieties within 3-5 years, and gradually increase the oil content of Rape Varieties in the Yangtze River basin to 42% - 44% Fourth, develop the processing industry of agricultural products Processing industry plays an important role in agricultural value-added According to research, the processing value-added of rape products can be more than 10 times The proportion of food processing industry in total agricultural output value is 270% in the United States, 220% in Japan, 130% in Taiwan and 40% in mainland China, which is very backward At present, the best way to develop agricultural products processing industry is "company + peasant household" and order agriculture In addition, academician Fu also talked about his views on genetically modified crops He agreed with the policy of "active research and careful promotion" Do not advocate blind introduction.