The most comprehensive analysis in history!

Heart vascular disease (CVD) and cancer is still the world's two largest cause of death
.

Adhering to a healthy diet can delay the occurrence of such diseases and prolong life

Heart blood vessels

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid are the most common essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in plant sources
.

Among them, the health benefits of ALA have received great attention

prevention

Although a meta-analysis of the link between ALA and chronic disease risk has been conducted, there is currently no link between ALA and all-cause mortality
.

In addition, the past analysis mainly focused on the dietary intake of ALA, and seldom paid attention to the tissue biomarkers of ALA

In this study, 41 studies published between 1991 and 2021 were analyzed, involving the association between alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer risk
.

These reports involved more than 120,000 participants between the ages of 18 and 98, and were followed up for 2 to 32 years

One, one,

1.
Dietary ALA

1.
Dietary ALA diet

Fifteen studies (13 publications) investigated the relationship between ALA dietary intake and all-cause mortality
.

Covered 745122 participants and 176694 deaths

Fifteen studies (13 publications) investigated the relationship between ALA dietary intake and all-cause mortality

2.
Organize ALA

2.
Organize ALA

Fifteen articles were included in the analysis of ALA tissue level and all-cause mortality.
A total of 53,935 participants were included, and 18,881 died of various causes
.

Comparing the highest and lowest levels of ALA intake, the total relative risk of all-cause death was 0.

Fifteen articles were included in the analysis of ALA organization level and all-cause mortality, including a total of 53,935 participants and 18,881 deaths from various causes

1.

2.
Organize ALA

Organize ALA

Twenty-five studies from 13 publications investigated the relationship between tissue ALA levels and the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, covering 59,180 people, of which 7,264 died of cardiovascular disease
.

Analysis and comparison of the highest and lowest levels of ALA and CVD mortality did not show a significant correlation (combined relative risk 0.
98, 95% confidence interval 0.
86-1.
11, I2 = 45.
6%; heterogeneity P = 0.
01)
.
17 studies from 8 publications included linear dose-response analysis
.
When the relative risk is combined, there is a significant linear association between each standard deviation increase in ALA level and CVD mortality (combined relative risk 0.
97, 95% confidence interval 0.
91-1.
03, I2=54.
2%; heterogeneity P =0.
004) (Table 2)
.

Twenty-five studies from 13 publications investigated the relationship between tissue ALA levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease death, covering 59,180 people, of which 7,264 died of cardiovascular disease
.
The cardiovascular disease mortality analysis compared the highest and lowest levels of ALA and CVD mortality without significant correlation (combined relative risk 0.
98, 95% confidence interval 0.
86-1.
11, I2 = 45.
6%; heterogeneity P = 0.
01)
.
17 studies from 8 publications included linear dose-response analysis
.
When the relative risk is combined, there is a significant linear association between each standard deviation increase in ALA level and CVD mortality (combined relative risk 0.
97, 95% confidence interval 0.
91-1.
03, I2=54.
2%; heterogeneity P =0.
004) (Table 2)
.

In the dose-effect analysis of 10 qualified studies, a slightly significant negative correlation was observed between the daily increase of 1 g ALA intake and coronary heart disease mortality (combined relative HR 0.
95, 95% confidence interval 0.
90-1.
01 , I2 = 10.
8%; Heterogeneity P = 0.
34 (Table 3)
.
The absolute risk difference of this association is a reduction of 11 deaths from coronary heart disease per 10,000 person-years (95% confidence interval-21 to-2)
.

In the dose-effect analysis of 10 qualified studies, a slightly significant negative correlation was observed between the daily increase of 1 g ALA intake and coronary heart disease mortality (combined relative HR 0.
95, 95% confidence interval 0.
90-1.
01 , I2 = 10.
8%; Heterogeneity P = 0.
34 (Table 3)
.
The absolute risk difference of this association is a reduction of 11 deaths from coronary heart disease per 10,000 person-years (95% confidence interval-21 to-2)
.

3.
Random effects meta-analysis: cancer mortality

3.
Random effects meta-analysis: cancer mortality

1.
Dietary ALA

1.
Dietary ALA

Ten studies from nine papers reported the relationship between dietary ALA intake and cancer mortality
.
These studies included 849,711 participants, of which 61,259 died of cancer
.
Comparing the highest intake of ALA (median 1.
35 g/day, interquartile range 1.
20-2.
12) with the lowest intake (0.
70 g/day, 0.
38-0.
80), it shows that the intake of ALA is There is a significant positive correlation between cancer mortality (combined relative risk 1.
06, 95% confidence interval 1.
02-1.
11, I2 = 3.
8%; heterogeneity P = 0.
40; Table 4)
.
In the dose-effect meta-analysis, no significant association was found between the daily increase of 1 g ALA intake and cancer mortality (combined relative risk 1.
03, 95% confidence interval 0.
98-1.
08, I2=51%; heterogeneity P = 0.
04 )
.

Ten studies from nine papers reported the relationship between dietary ALA intake and cancer mortality
.
These studies included 849,711 participants, of which 61,259 died of cancer
.
Comparing the highest intake of ALA (median 1.
35 g/day, interquartile range 1.
20-2.
12) with the lowest intake (0.
70 g/day, 0.
38-0.
80), it shows that the intake of ALA is There is a significant positive correlation between cancer mortality (combined relative risk 1.
06, 95% confidence interval 1.
02-1.
11, I2 = 3.
8%; heterogeneity P = 0.
40; Table 4)
.
In the dose-effect meta-analysis, no significant association was found between the daily increase of 1 g ALA intake and cancer mortality (combined relative risk 1.
03, 95% confidence interval 0.
98-1.
08, I2=51%; heterogeneity P = 0.
04 )
.

2.
Organize ALA

2.
Organize ALA

16 studies from 4 publications investigated the relationship between ALA tissue levels and cancer mortality, including 38,250 participants and 4,153 cancer deaths
.
In the comparison of the highest and lowest ALA levels, no significant correlation was found between ALA levels and cancer mortality (combined relative risk 0.
93, 95% confidence interval 0.
86-1.
01, I2=0%; heterogeneity P= 0.
39) or dose-effect analysis (0.
99, 0.
88 to 1.
11, I2=0%; heterogeneity P=0.
83) (Table 4)
.

16 studies from 4 publications investigated the relationship between ALA tissue levels and cancer mortality, including 38,250 participants and 4,153 cancer deaths
.
In the comparison of the highest and lowest ALA levels, no significant correlation was found between ALA levels and cancer mortality (combined relative risk 0.
93, 95% confidence interval 0.
86-1.
01, I2=0%; heterogeneity P= 0.
39) or dose-effect analysis (0.
99, 0.
88 to 1.
11, I2=0%; heterogeneity P=0.
83) (Table 4)
.

In summary, this systematic review and meta-analysis found that the increase in ALA intake was significantly associated with all-cause, CVD and CHD, and mortality reductions of 10%, 8%, and 11%, respectively
.
However, increased ALA intake is associated with slightly higher cancer mortality
.
There is no evidence that there is a non-linear association between ALA intake and all-cause, CVD, CHD, and cancer mortality
.
However, a linear dose-response association was found between dietary ALA intake and CVD mortality.
An increase in ALA intake by 1 gram per day (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 15 milliliters of walnut oil) was associated with a reduction in CVD mortality by 5 % Related
.
For tissue ALA levels, we found a significant negative correlation between blood ALA levels and all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, and between serum and plasma ALA levels and CVD mortality
.

This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the increase in ALA intake was significantly associated with all-cause, CVD and CHD, and mortality reductions of 10%, 8%, and 11%, respectively
.
However, increased ALA intake is associated with slightly higher cancer mortality
.
There is no evidence that there is a non-linear association between ALA intake and all-cause, CVD, CHD, and cancer mortality
.
However, a linear dose-response association was found between dietary ALA intake and CVD mortality.
An increase in ALA intake by 1 gram per day (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 15 milliliters of walnut oil) was associated with a reduction in CVD mortality by 5 % Related
.
For tissue ALA levels, we found a significant negative correlation between blood ALA levels and all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, and between serum and plasma ALA levels and CVD mortality
.
(Equivalent to one tablespoon of rapeseed oil or 15 ml of walnut oil)