The most complete blood routine interpretation in history is worth collecting.

In biology, there are many nouns such as cells and genes, and do we know what they mean? Below the small compilation of some of the history of the most blood-soaked routine interpretation, let's take a look! 1. Red blood cell count (RBC) red blood cell count, refers to the number of red blood cells contained in the blood per unit volume, is important for suggesting diseases that affect the erythrocyte system.
normal values: male (4.0 to 5.5) x 10 x 12/L; female (3.5 to 5.0) x 10 x 12/L; newborn (6.0 to 7.0) x 10 x 12/L above this normal value data, men and women are different? In fact, the red blood cell count between men and women was significantly different between the ages of 15 and 40, mainly because male male male hormone levels were higher during this period, while testosterone had a contributing bone marrow hematopoietic effect.
physiological increase: 1) residents of high mountain areas: high altitude area hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin 2) drinking too little water, excessive sweating: temporary blood concentration.
3) Newborns: In the intrauterine physiological hypoxia state, the compensation increases, but gradually decreases after 2 weeks of birth.
4) Mental factors: emotional impulses, excitement, fear, cold bath stimulation can make epinephrine increase, leading to a temporary increase in red blood cells.
physiological reduction: 1) three months to fifteen-year-old population: rapid growth and development caused by the relative lack of blood-forming raw materials.
2) Late pregnancy: blood dilution caused by a significant increase in plasma volume.
3) Elderly: Bone marrow hematopoietic function is reduced.
(insufficient factory capacity) more pathological: too much pathological water loss, resulting in blood concentration: severe vomiting, diarrhea, large areas of sweating, large areas of burns patients, urinary collapse, etc.
tissue hypoxia, increased compensation: chronic pulmonary heart disease, congenital heart disease, emphysema and heart failure - tissue hypoxia, increased red blood cells and hemoglobin replacement.
certain tumors: such as kidney cancer, adrenal tumors, and liver cell carcinoma can also cause a non-reimbursable increase in erythropoietin.
drug factors: such as androgens and their derivatives, adrenal corticosteroids, etc. can cause red blood cell growth.
disease reduction: abnormal bone marrow hematopoietic function: anemia caused by regenerative anemia, leukemia, etc.
chronic diseases: anemia caused or accompanied by infection, inflammation, malignant tumors, uremia, liver disease, etc.
anemia caused by lack of hematopoietic substances or the use of barriers: such as iron deficiency anemia.
anemia caused by too much red blood cell destruction: such as hemolytic anemia.
acute blood loss: After major surgery, chronic blood loss, etc. are factors that cause the reduction of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
2, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) hemoglobin concentration refers to the unit refers to (L) the amount of hemoglobin contained in the blood, hemoglobin also known as hemoglobin, is the main component of red blood cells, can bind to oxygen, transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
hemoglobin is the main component in red blood cells, and the diseased RBC and Hb can be isolated. normal values
: male 120 to 160g/L; female 110 to 150g/L; neonatal 170-200g/L hemoglobin increase: the clinical significance of the decrease is similar to the clinical significance of red blood cell count, but hemoglobin better reflects the degree of anemia.
hemoglobin increase has the following conditions: (1) physiological increase: see plateau residents, fetuses and newborns, vigorous activity, fear, cold water bath, etc.; e.g. Falo quadrial disease, congenital heart disease, obstructive emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary artery or pulmonary vein fistula and abnormal hemoglobin disease with low oxygen capacity, etc.; , hepatocellular carcinoma, renal embryoma and renal fluid, polycystic kidneys and other hemoglobin reduction: (1) physiological reduction: 3 months of infants to 15 years of age before the child, mainly due to rapid growth and development of the hematopoietic system of relative deficiency, general Can be 10%-20% lower than normal people, in the middle and late pregnancy due to increased blood volume of pregnancy blood is diluted blood, the elderly due to bone marrow hematopoietic function gradually decreased, can lead to a decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin content, (2) disease reduction: First, Red blood cells and hemoglobin produce less than 1) hematopoietic deficiency: iron deficiency anemia (iron deficiency), macrocell anemia (vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency), vitamin B6 deficiency anemia, copper deficiency, vitamin C deficiency, protein deficiency, etc.
2) Bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction: such as regenerative anemia, simple erythropoietin anemia 3) other: infectious and inflammatory anemia, chronic kidney disease caused by anemia, lead poisoning, cancer anemia, etc.
2. Hemolytic anemia 1) Red blood cell internal abnormality: (1) red blood cell membrane structure defects: such as hereditary spherical erythropoietin, hereditary oval erythropoietin, ratchet-like eras, burst sleep hemoglobinuria, etc.; red blood cell enzyme deficiency: such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, acetone kinase (PK) deficiency, etc. (3) hemoglobin synthesis or structural abnormalities: such as thalassemia, hemoglobin disease, etc.
2) Exexternal factors of red blood cells: (1) immune factors: the presence of antibodies that destroy red blood cells in the body, such as neonatal hemolytic disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, etc.;
, red blood cell loss (blood loss) includes acute blood loss and anemia caused by chronic blood loss.
3, white blood cell count (WBC) white blood cell count, refers to counting the number of white blood cells contained in the unit volume of blood, is an important part of the body's defense system. normal value s
: adults (4.0 to 10.0) x 10 x 9/L; children (5.0 to 12.0) x 10?9/L; 6 months to 2 years (11.0 to 12.0) x 10 x 9/L; newborns (15.0 to 20.0) x 10 x 9/L.
increase in white blood cell counts: seen in acute infection, uremia, severe burns, acute bleeding, tissue damage, major surgery, leukemia and other white blood cell count sized: see typhoid and paratyphoid, malaria, regenerative anemia, acute granulocyte deficiency, spleen function, X-line, radionuclide exposure, the use of certain anti-cancer drugs, etc.
4, white blood cell classification counting blood centrifugal when the surface layer is gray-white, this part of the cells are called white blood cells.
it is a group of morphological, functional and non-homogeneous hybrid cells with different morphology and differentiation stages, which are divided into granulocytes, lymphocytes and mononucleoblasts according to morphology, function and source.
only the white blood cell count to determine the clinical significance has certain limitations, should be combined with white blood cell classification count analysis of the disease, more accurate. normal value of
: neutrophils: rod core 1% to 5% (0.04 to 0.5) x 10 to 9/L, split core 50% to 70% (2 to 7) x 10 x 9/L.
acidophilia cells: 0.5% to 5.0% (0.05 to 0.5) x 10 x 9/L; alkaline granulocytes: 0% to 1% (0 to 0.1) x 10 x 9/L; lymphocytes: 20% to 40% (0.2 to 0.4) x 10 9/L;
Note: The front is the classification percentage, followed by the absolute value of clinical significance: (1) neutrophils: increase: seen in acute and septic infections (sickness, abscess, pneumonia, appendicitis, dantoxic, sepsis, visceral perforation, scarlet fever, etc.), various poisonings (acidosis, uremia, lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, etc.), tissue damage, malignant tumors, acute hemorrhage, acute hemorrhage, etc.
decreased: see typhoid, paratyphoid, measles, influenza and other infectious diseases;
certain blood diseases (regenerative anemia, granulocyte deficiency, leukocyte reduction, bone marrow proliferation abnormal syndrome, etc.), progressive spleen function, autoimmune diseases, etc.
(2) acidophilia cells: increase: seen in allergic diseases, skin diseases, parasitic diseases, certain blood diseases, after radiation exposure, spleen removal, infectious disease recovery period, etc.
decrease: seen in typhoid, paratyphoid, the application of glucocorticoids, adrenal corticosteroids, etc.
(3) Lymphocytes: Increase: Seen in certain infectious diseases (pertussis, infectious mononucleosis, infectious lymphocyte growth, chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, viral hepatitis, lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma, etc.).
decrease: seen in the acute phase of a variety of infectious diseases, radiation diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, etc.
(4) mononucleic cells: increased in tuberculosis, typhoid fever, infectious endocarditis, malaria, mononucleic leukemia, black fever and infectious disease recovery period, children under the age of two can be slightly higher.
reduction is generally not clinical.
(5) osteophilia cells: mostcommonly found in chronic granulocytic leukemia, osteophilic leukemia, Hodgkin disease, spleen excision, etc.
5, platelet count platelet count platelet count, refers to the number of platelets contained in the unit volume of blood, platelets are the smallest cells in the blood, can protect the integrity of capillaries, effective platelet mass and quantity in the collective normal hemorrhage process plays an important role, platelet hemorrhage and mechanical blocking wounds and biochemical adhesion polymerization. normal value of
: (100 to 280) x 10 x 9/L, male (108 to 273) x 10 x 9/L, female (148 to 257) x 10 x 9/L, average 190 x 10 x 9/L.
physiological variation: healthy people have a stable number of platelets, no major changes in one day, no significant difference between sex and age, some women's platelets may be cyclical (menstrual) mild decline.
platelet reduction: seen in primary platelet reduction cyanosis, certain medical diseases such as collagen disease, spleen function, uremia, tumor bone marrow metastasis caused by bone marrow fibrosis can be followed by platelet reduction, certain hematopoietic system diseases such as leukemia, regeneration Disorder anemia, hemolytic anemia, bone marrow hyperplasia abnormal syndrome, etc. can be accompanied by platelet reduction, where the body platelet consumption is too much, such as diffuse intravascular clotting and thrombosis reduced cyanosis, septicaemia, granule tuberculosis and other platelets are also often reduced.
platelets increasesignificantly: mainly found in primary platelet hyperplasia, true erythropoietin, chronic granulocytic leukemia and tumor bone marrow metastasis (when there is bone-dissolving change), after spleen removal surgery, platelets can also show an increase in hyperactivity, in addition, fractures, bleeding and surgery, plateletre synapse reactive mildly increased. Bleeding must be prevented
plateletreduction reduction.
platelets significantly increased, it is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of blood clots, but the increase of platelets can also bleed, due to poor platelet quality.
above is the small finishing of the relevant knowledge about the blood routine, of course, this is not very comprehensive, this article is not listed, interested in the small partners can their own Baidu.
Source: Sound of Medical Examinations.