The modernization of agricultural science and technology has become a powerful engine of agricultural modernization

Intelligent agricultural machinery rushes in the field, automatically sowing, fertilizing, harvesting, but not a single person; With a flick of your fingertip on the screen, you can also water and fertilize the vegetables in the greenhouse after traveling; Without soil, without sunlight, the vegetables in the plant factory are still thriving.

The key to agricultural modernization is the modernization

Major Innovative Achievements Plug in the "Scientific and Technological Wings" for the High-quality Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas

Over the past 10 years, the vast number of agricultural science and technology workers have focused on the key shortcomings of agricultural science and technology, worked hard with one heart and one mind, and forged ahead, and major achievements in agricultural science and technology have continued to emerge

The two-line method ushered in a new era of hybrid rice

If the three-line hybrid rice has opened up an era for China to feed itself, then the two-line hybrid rice has opened a new era of higher yield, higher quality and more efficient hybrid rice for China, ensuring the leading position of hybrid rice technology in China, and promoting the rapid development of hybrid rice in the world, making great contributions to

From the three-line method to the two-line method, only one word difference, but it has brought a leap

Through technology transfer and cooperation, the two-line hybrid rice technology has been popularized and applied in the United States, and the yield has increased by more than

Haplosport technology has brought corn breeding into the era of "high-speed rail"

In September 2020, at the "13th Five-Year Plan" National Key R&D Program Project "Corn Heterosis Advantage Utilization Technology and Strong Advantage Hybrid Creation" in the Dongyang Experimental Base of Shanxi Agricultural University, the reporter found that the growth of different corn fields is very different, of which the growth of strong advantage corn hybrids is quite gratifying

"There are several milestones in the development of modern crop breeding technology, and a number of original breakthroughs in the project in hybridization-induced haplosports seeds are new milestones in the utilization technology of corn hybrids, which will play a major role

Chen Shaojiang's team from the National Maize Improvement Center of China Agricultural University has carried out continuous research on maize haploid technology for more than 20 years, and has made breakthroughs in key haploid induction genes, haploid induction and doubling techniques, creating an efficient breeding technology system

The full synthesis of carbon dioxide to starch has revolutionized the traditional cultivation model

Do I have to farm to satisfy my carb hobby? How do carbon dioxide and hydrogen react together? The Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made important progress

The research team adopted a similar "building block" approach, jointly with the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, using chemical catalysts to reduce high concentrations of carbon dioxide to carbon-one (C1) compounds under the action of high-density hydrogen energy, and then constructing a new carbon-polymerization enzyme by design, polymerizing carbon-one compounds into carbon-three (C3) compounds according to the principle of chemical glycan reaction, and finally polymerizing carbon three compounds into carbon-six (C6) compounds through biological path optimization.

"The starch synthesis rate of this artificial approach is 8.

Major Animal and Plant Disease Control Technology Weaves a "Protective Net" for Agricultural Biosecurity

In order to effectively control the H7N9 virus from poultry sources, the team of academician Chen Hualan of the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences used the mature vaccine research and development platform to timely create a bivalent inactivated vaccine for recombinant avian influenza virus (H5+H7), which was transformed into production and application in 10 designated production enterprises of highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccines in China, and obtained the national first-class new veterinary drug certificate, which greatly reduced the prevalence and spread

China's grassland moth, African swine fever and other major animal and plant diseases of the comprehensive control technology has made significant progress

China's scientific researchers have also created a comprehensive management technology system

Smart agriculture installs "accelerator" for agricultural modernization

With the support of the key special project of the national key research and development plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology "intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment", China has comprehensively promoted the key core technological innovation of agricultural machinery and equipment, broken through intelligent theories and key core technologies such as information perception, decision-making intelligent control, precision sowing and planting, and efficient harvesting, and developed intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment in the fields of intelligent heavy tractors, intelligent pesticide application, intelligent harvesting, fruit and vegetable tea production, livestock and poultry aquaculture, and agricultural product origin processing, and promoted the scientific and technological progress and industrial development

The autonomy of key core technologies will crack the bottleneck
of completely relying on imports and being subject to people.
Based on the "Beidou" agricultural machinery automatic navigation and operation precision measurement and control technology system, it realizes the high-precision navigation and positioning of agricultural machinery, the application of water and fertilizer drug essence, intelligent operation and control, and remote operation and maintenance management
.
The intelligent and fine production technology and system of livestock and poultry breeding have realized the physiological and ecological monitoring and growth regulation of
livestock and poultry animals.
Intelligent agricultural machinery power equipment technology system, to promote agricultural power equipment energy saving, emission reduction, green development
.

Leading the intelligent equipment, we have built an independently developed intelligent agricultural machinery equipment technology and product system
.
Intelligent grain joint harvesting technology and equipment, efficient and intelligent cotton pickers, leading the intelligent upgrading
of harvesting equipment.
No-till precision sowing technology and equipment, UAV plant protection operation equipment, to achieve intelligent application of fertilizer drugs
.
Fruit and vegetable multi-source information fusion super large sorting complete sets of equipment, to achieve intelligent classification
.

Mechanization of weak links, and make up for the "short board" of comprehensive efficiency and overall level of agricultural production
.
Hilly mountains, paddy fields, horticultural tractors and other special tractors, providing green and efficient power
for modern agricultural production.
Technical equipment such as farmland residual film cleaning, farmland laser flattening, and energy-saving deep pine help the construction of
high-standard farmland.
The efficient harvesting technology and equipment of feed and regional specialty crops have solved the problem
of "inorganic usable" and "inorganic easy to use" in the weak links of production such as green feed and pasture, barley, goji berries, jujube, rubber and tea.
The high-speed planting of super rice, the efficient production technology and equipment of orchards, sugar cane, rapeseed and vegetables have improved the level
of mechanization of the whole process.
At present, wheat has basically realized the mechanization of the whole process, the comprehensive mechanization rate of rice and corn has exceeded 80%, the information monitoring rate of agricultural machinery deep pine operation has exceeded 90%, and the mechanization rate of hilly mountains, agricultural product processing and animal husbandry has exceeded 35%.

Major breakthroughs in basic research have laid a solid foundation for seizing the commanding heights of world agricultural science and technology

In the past 10 years, China has made continuous breakthroughs and important progress in the field of basic agricultural research, and has made a series of innovative achievements
in genomics, analysis of important functional genes, and catastrophic mechanisms of major diseases and insect pests.
In terms of basic theory, China has pioneered the transformation of rice research from the traditional genetic map to the whole genome level, discovered and cloned a number of new genes with important breeding value and independent intellectual property rights, such as high temperature tolerance, drought tolerance, high yield, and disease resistance, and broken the monopoly
of key genes abroad.
In terms of method tools, the innovative team of Lai Jinsheng of China Agricultural University has developed a patented gene editing system
that is independently excavated and patented in China.
In terms of mechanism, the key immune proteins of plants against viruses were discovered, providing new strategies
for efficient green prevention and control.
Zhang Youjun's team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences found the mechanism of "horizontal transfer of functional genes between plants and animals", which is the first time that modern biology has been born more than 100 years ago, and the first research has confirmed the existence
of functional gene horizontal transfer between plants and animals.

A new strategy of rapid de novo domestication of heterologous tetraploid wild rice opens up new breeding directions

Domesticated crops have to go through thousands of years of history
.
In the face of the increasingly urgent food crisis, how to quickly domesticate wild rice according to human needs? The research team of academician Li Jiayang of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the first time proposed a new strategy for the rapid de novo domestication of heterologous tetraploid wild rice, aiming to eventually cultivate a new type of polyploid rice crop, thereby greatly improving grain yield and increasing the adaptability
of crop environmental changes.
The results of this research were published
in a long article in the international academic journal "Cell" on February 4, 2021.

In order to overcome the problem of creating new crops of polyploid rice, the research team led by Academician Li Jiayang proposed for the first time a new strategy for the rapid de novo domestication of heterologous tetraploid wild rice, and divided it into four stages: the first stage, collecting and screening the heterologous tetraploid wild rice chassis germplasm resources with the best comprehensive traitoids; In the second stage, a technical system for rapid de novo domestication of wild rice is established; The third stage, molecular design and rapid domestication of varieties; In the fourth stage, the new rice crop is promoted and applied
.

The team overcame the technical bottleneck and successfully created various gene-editing source tetraploid wild rice materials with reduced drop-grainedness, shorter mango length, lower plant height, longer grain length, thicker stem, and shorter panicle extraction time, which proved that the rapid top-notch domestication strategy of heterologous tetraploid wild rice proposed by the team was highly feasible
.
This study proposes a new feasible strategy for future food crisis response, opens up a new direction of crop breeding, and is a major breakthrough in this field, and the successful cultivation of new crops of tetraploid rice in the future is expected to bring about a subversive revolution
in world food production.

Important gene excavation enriches the "material library" of modern biological breeding

With the intensification of global warming trends, high temperature stress has become one of the most important factors restricting the security of
world food production.
It is reported that every 1 °C increase in the average temperature will cause a reduction in the yield
of rice, wheat, corn and other food crops by about 3%-8%.
The research team of Lin Hongxuan, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the research team of Lin Youshun of Shanghai Jiao Tong University have made new breakthroughs in this field, successfully isolated and cloned TT3, a new gene locus of high temperature resistance in rice, and explained its new mechanism
for regulating high temperature resistance.
The results were published
in the journal Science on June 17, 2022.

Water-saving and drought-resistant rice refers to a type of rice variety that has both high-yield and high-quality characteristics of rice and water-saving and drought-resistant characteristics of upland rice
.
With the support of the national "863 Program" and other projects, the research team of Shanghai Agricultural Biological Gene Center Luo Lijun conducted systematic research on the genetic differentiation of water-dry rice, the genetic and molecular mechanism of water-saving and drought-resistant, the cultivation of water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties and supporting technologies, excavated the rice drought-resistant gene OsRINGzf1, selected and bred new water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties such as "Drought Excellence 73", greatly expanded the rice planting area, and the project won the first prize of the
2020 National Science and Technology Progress Award.

On July 22, 2022, Science published a research paper led by researcher Zhou Wenbin, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which conducted a seven-year research and discovery of the rice high-yield gene (OsDREB1C) in rice by undertaking the national key research and development program "Differences in Grain Crop Yield and Efficiency Levels and Their Fertility and Efficiency Mechanism", which can simultaneously improve photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency, significantly improve rice yield, and shorten the growth period
。

"Gene scissors" provide new tools for biological breeding innovation

"Biotechnology that is not combined with agronomy is not really biotechnology," Professor Lai said with emotion
.
He keenly pinpointed the direction and carried out basic research on molecular design breeding with the two main crops of corn and soybeans as the
research objects.
Since 2010, Professor Lai Jinsheng's team has published a series of high-level papers in top international journals to deepen the understanding of
biological breeding.

Ten years of grinding swords to reward ambition, in order to no longer "stuck neck", determined to win the "turnaround battle"
.
On July 30, 2018, Professor Lai Jinsheng's research group made important progress in maize genomics research, and the research results were published online in Nature and Genetics, and China's maize genomics research is more confidently at the forefront
of the world.
In 2021, Professor Lai Jinsheng's team independently developed two "gene scissors" belonging to China, Cas12i and Cas12j, were granted patents, making up for the technological gap in the field of gene editing core tools in China and breaking the monopoly
of foreign countries on the technology in one fell swoop.

"Gene scissors" is a kind of image statement, that is, the use of some Cas proteins that can cut the genetic material of the virus, that is, CRISPR-Cas, to cut the target gene to a certain extent, so as to achieve complex and accurate gene editing
.
There are as many as 93 Cas proteins, and two scholars in Germany and the United States jointly won the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry in 2020 for their discovery of CRISPR-Cas9's "gene scissors".
All along, the technology and original core patents in this field have been monopolized
by a few Western countries.
In recent years, a group of scientists in China have worked hard and continued to expand their territory in the field of plant gene editing research
.
Facts fully show that China is on
the road to achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance.

Plant factory breeding accelerator cracks the bottleneck of plant anniversary breeding

Can food be grown without sunlight, rain and soil? The agricultural scientist said, "Yes, and grow faster!" In October 2021, at the national "13th Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological innovation achievement exhibition, a glass hut with a soft red and purple light was particularly eye-catching
.
This is a plant factory developed by the plant factory innovation team of the Institute of Urban Agriculture of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences.
On the four-layer cultivation rack, rows of rice seedlings are neatly tied in the special nutrient solution, and they are struggling to pull out under the "touch" of colored LED energy-saving lamps
.

Based on the detailed analysis of the biological characteristics of rice seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, ear extraction stage, flowering stage, filling stage and other growth stages, the innovation team created a collaborative regulation technology of environment-nutrition dynamics of rice at different growth stages, built a technical approach that greatly shortened the rice growth period, successfully achieved a major breakthrough in rice planting harvest of about 60 days, shortened the rice growth cycle of more than 120 days in the traditional field environment, and greatly improved the rice breeding efficiency
。

Yang Qichang, chief scientist of the innovation team, said that the plant factory is like a rice breeding accelerator, which is expected to achieve "rapid breeding" of rice with more than 6 stubbles per year, and the number of cultivation layers can even reach more than
10 layers.
In addition, the innovation team is working on the use of plant factories for accelerated wheat breeding, which can now achieve 34 days of wheat from seedling transplanting to plant plant, 39 days of panicle harvesting, 65 days of mature harvest, compared
with the traditional field environment of an average of 180 days of growth cycle shortened.
Yang Qichang said that in the future, relying on plant factories can provide a new technical path
for the breeding and efficient cultivation of rice and other crops.

The reform of the organizational implementation mechanism has injected new vitality into the innovation of agricultural science and technology

In the past 10 years, the reform of China's agricultural science and technology system and mechanism has been continuously improved, the integration of production, study, research and application has been deepened, the innovation incentive policy has continued to be solid, and the vitality and motivation of agricultural scientific and technological innovation have been fully stimulated
.
Through the implementation of new mechanisms such as "unveiling the leader", the linkage between ministries and provinces, and the young scientist project, we will continue to explore a new national system
in the field of agricultural science and technology.
In view of major technical bottlenecks and product constraints, the implementation of the "unveiling and hanging the commander" mechanism, innovation does not ask the origin
.
Set up a young scientist program to encourage free exploration and promote young scientific and technological talents to stand out
.
Set up technology-based small and medium-sized enterprise projects, and select the best to support scientific and technological innovation
of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Implement long-term support mechanisms
in the direction of animal breeding, forest tree breeding, and farmland quality monitoring.

The new mechanism of ministerial and provincial linkage focuses on solving major practical problems in regional agriculture

Agriculture has obvious regional characteristics, and it is an inevitable requirement
to ensure national food security by coordinating to solve major regional practical problems in agricultural production.
In line with the characteristics of the agricultural industry and the laws of scientific research, the "14th Five-Year Plan" national key research and development plan in the agricultural and rural fields explores and implements the mechanism of joint organization and implementation of the ministry and province
.
The Ministry of Science and Technology and relevant provinces jointly demonstrate, jointly invest, and jointly promote, and the central and local governments match funds according to 1:1, coordinate the national scientific and technological resources and superior forces, raise major regional scientific and technological problems to the national level to solve, promote "problems arising from production, results to production inspection", and realize management linkage, policy linkage, and resource linkage
.

From 2021 to 2022, the Ministry of Science and Technology and 28 provinces jointly implemented 55 projects such as "Technical Model and Application of Improving Farmland Quality and Capacity in Saline-alkali Land Rim of Bohai Sea" and "Technical Model and Application of Capacity Improvement of Red and Yellow Soil and Medium and Low-yield Paddy Field in the Middle and Lower Slopes of the Yangtze River", which were well received by the frontline and local governments of
scientific research.
In 2021, the Ministry of Science and Technology and Shanxi Province jointly implemented the project of "Organic Dryland Agriculture Drought Drought Resistance, Stress Resistance, Water Saving and Efficiency Enhancement Technology Model and Application" to support regional innovation forces and national advantages to jointly carry out key technological research in organic dryland agriculture, and jointly implement the innovative achievements of organic dryland agriculture to the Loess Land
.

Young Scientists Program Inspires Young Scientists and Technicians to Venture into 'No Man's Land'

In order to increase the training of young scientific and technological talents, the Ministry of Science and Technology has explored the implementation of the young scientist project mechanism in the national key research and development plan, and encouraged young people to explore
freely in basic scientific fields such as gene editing.
As one of the young scientists funded by the project, Zong Yuan, a "post-90s" professor and doctoral supervisor of the Wheat Research Center of the College of Agriculture of China Agricultural University, said that the state's support and attention to young scientists has made him more confident, courageous to let go to verify the ideas in his heart, and the burden on his body has also made him more sober
in the face of results.

Referring to his understanding of the responsibility of young scientists, Zongyuan said: "Young scientists must dare to challenge the scientific problems and technical bottlenecks of 'no man's land', boldly innovate, exert their value in the beautiful era, and outline a better blueprint
for future agricultural development.
" I hope that I can use my skills in the field of plant genome editing to promote the early realization of plant precision design breeding and intelligent breeding, and contribute to ensuring the safety of China's seed industry and food security
.
”

Looking forward to the future, science and technology make agriculture "smarter", rural "more convenient", a colorful picture of agricultural science and technology slowly unfolding: in the digital field of unmanned farms, the sun rises in the morning, after the warehouse door automatically opens, unmanned agricultural machinery can analyze the growth and health of farmland crops according to big data, and then automatically judge and carry out corresponding farming, spraying pesticides, weeding operations, and then automatically return to the parking lot after completion, farmers can operate online, cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, functional agriculture, Smart Agriculture.
.
.
Wave the "wings of science and technology" and intensively cultivate the "field of hope"
.
(Edited by Li Chuang)