The manufacture and process of glass and steel boat mold are explained in detail

The glass-steel boat mold must have a smooth finish and smoothness, and can withstand the heat released by the resin cross-link reaction when the glass-steel curing, the mold must also have sufficient stiffness to ensure that the mold is not easily deformed. Therefore, the choice of materials and processes is very important.
◀1, material selection
(1) synthetic resin
(1) mold adhesive
should choose a special mold adhesive clothing, it has a low porosity, good process performance, high finish, strong chemical resistance and other advantages; Both toughness, but also resistant to the impact of external forces when release, it is generally recommended to use epoxy vinyl mold adhesive clothing

.
(2) mold reinforced layer resin
it is best to choose mold-specific resins, such as vinyl resin plus zero shrink resin. These resins have the characteristics of high thermal deformation temperature and low shrinkage. Vinyl resins and unsaturated resins can also be used if cost considerations are taken into account.
(2) fiberglass reinforced materials
reinforced materials can be selected glass fiber short cut felt, glass fiber cloth, multi-axis composite felt. In general, the front of the mold using short-cut felt to enhance, can reduce the mold fiberglass pattern, the back mold outside the glass and steel layer using a certain number of fiberglass square cloth.
In addition to the use of fiberglass reinforced materials, the glass and steel layer of the mold can also be clamped with Basa wood or strong core felt to improve mold stiffness, it can not only quickly thicken, but also improve the quality of the mold, can be clamped in the glass fiber short-cut felt used.
◀2, mold manufacturing process
(1) environmental conditions
manufacturing high-quality molds must pay attention to environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature should be between 20 to 30 degrees C, relative humidity should not be >75%, and should keep the environment clean.
(2) materials and industrial appliances
materials to ensure the quality of in stock, should also be stored and used as required. Tools and appliances should also meet the requirements, such as jet rubber with air compressor must be equipped with a good air dryer and oil and water separator.
(3) reasonable schedule
schedule must be subject to the curing properties of synthetic resins and mold construction process design, avoid blindly fast or shorten the construction time leading to affect mold quality.
(4) take release measures
effective release measures must be taken when flipping glass and steel molds from the prototype mold. Commonly used liquid release agent or release wax, must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the process, not hasty. To ensure the release effect, solid wax and liquid release agent can be used to cooperate, so that the treatment can play a double insurance role in the release process.
(5) glue clothing
the thickness of the adhesive coating wet film should be controlled 0. 8 to 1mm, plastic clothing is too thin will affect the gloss of the mold, glass fiber pattern is also easy to reveal, rubber clothing is too thick easy to crack, rubber coating layer using spray construction should be divided into two to three layers to carry out, each rubber coating, to be cured, in the environment of 25 degrees C about 1 and a half hours later, as above the method of the next rubber coating construction.
(6) GLASS work
(1) The first layer of short-cut felt (excluding the surface felt used for better surface results) of the first layer
adhesive coating layer is very strict, the specifications can be used 300g or 450g, should be carefully rolled down to ensure that the air bubbles contained, and ensure the appropriate resin content. After curing a comprehensive inspection, found that the ills must be trimmed.
(2) layered work
due to the thickening of the glass and steel mold, usually twice the thickness of the product, must be completed several times to ensure quality. Foreign practice is often used, in the first layer completed and inspection , after dressing, the first five days of daily construction of a layer of 450g of short-cut felt, five layers can be constructed two layers per day, until the completion of the required thickness. This method can make each layer fully cured after construction to a reasonable degree of curing, reducing the deformation of the mold. Mastering the curing degree can be used to measure the pasteur hardness of the surface, and the next layer of construction can be carried out when 80% of the full curing hardness (which can be detected by making glass and steel models in advance) is achieved.
glass and steel layer in addition to a single layer plate, can also be used core structure, such as light wood.
◀3, a few small measures
(1) in the original yang mold water grinding, can take a long slab operation method, change the single-person operation for 2 to 3 people holding a piece of water scrub paper on a long strip of sheet common water grinding method, this method can make the surface of the equipment to obtain a better smoothness. Operation must be coordinated force, in the direction of operation to avoid simple horizontal or vertical direction, can be supplemented by 45 degrees direction, in order to achieve good results.
(2) when the surface of the water mill, each replacement of the fine number one of the water scrub paper must wash the surface with clean water, in order to make the water mill comprehensive and attentive, can be painted on the surface color, grinding to leave no color is considerable.
◀4, superstructive mold manufacturing
if the hull, superstructive buildings are separately sampled molding, due to technology, structure and other reasons, often in the finished mold is difficult to close. To this end, it is often used to build the hull mold first, and then in the first hull to build the superstorm model, and then on it to flip the superstorm glass and steel mold.
◀5, combination mold flattening device
when the boat due to modeling or other reasons can not be removed from the overall mold, in order to facilitate production, often use split combination mold. The use of combined molds must first be used for mold parting design, and the joint use of a french edge connection. When flipping the glass and steel combination mold, the split plank should first be set in the part of the yang mold as a mold connecting the use of the french edge, and then turn over this part of the glass and steel mold, until this part is completed, remove the plank. Continue to flip the connecting french edge (and mold) of another part of the mold on the formed part of the french edge, after all is completed, such as the use of bolted connection, should first bolt holes, installed positioning device, before the yang mold can be separated.
because of the poor wear resistance of glass and steel, the bolt holes on the edge of the french should be set up to prevent wear. In order to ensure the precision of the combined mold flattening, the anchor pin should be set with taper, which is a metal material. The french edge can also be bolted with a healing connection, with a jig, which does not have to be located.
◀ 6, boat tire rack production
after the completion of the overturned glass-and-steel yin mold, can use the yang mold to make the boat shelving tire frame. The tire frame made with impotence mold is uniform in line type, the boat is in place after the force is uniform, than the tire frame welded with type steel effect is good, in addition to the tire frame support surface for fiberglass, the bracket can be used wood.
◀7, measures to reduce the shrinkage of fiberglass
When the glass-steel vulsion is turned over on an impotence mold, the surface quality of the mold (e.g. exposed fiber traces, reinforced stripes, etc.) is often affected by the large shrinkage of the glass-steel molding (usually about 1% polyester glass steel). To this end, in the production of glass and steel molds must be paid attention to and take appropriate measures.
measures to reduce the shrinkage of glass steel are:
(1) using a low shrinkage resin
Low shrinkage resins reduce shrinkage when forming glass and steel, such as zero-shrink resins and vinyl resins.
(2) in the production of this large mold can use CHP series curing system, can reduce the heating peak to reduce shrinkage, improve curing.
(3) thin-layer operation
the larger the thickness of the glass and steel once molding, the greater the heat of the polymerization reaction, and correspondingly increase the shrinkage when curing. Therefore, in the production of fiberglass mold should not be large, should be divided into multiple times, each thickness of about 1 mm, and wait for its curing to a certain extent (surface Bakor hardness value >30) before carrying out the next thin layer work. This reduces mold forming shrinkage and ensures the quality of glass and steel molding.
(4) strengthening parts as little as possible with the mold adhesion
Domestic enterprises often use foam reinforced material outsourcing glass steel and mold bonding as a whole, this practice strengthens the effect although good, but often because of the glass rebar molding curing contraction and affect the flatness of the inner surface of the mold, often showing rib marks. Foreign practice is the use of metal profiles as a strengthening and bracket, without glass and steel cladding and mold as a whole, only in the necessary connection points with thinner fiberglass bonding. Metal profiles do not come into direct contact with the mold, and the connection points are lined with foam, which prevents the post-bonded fiberglass components from affecting the surface quality of the mold when cured and contracted.
glass and steel boat mold production is a detailed work, must be made in advance process design and careful construction, production time should be abundant, must not be rushed to engage in in a hurry.
◀ 8, lining mold
because the glass and steel hull to take the yin molding method, only make the hull shell smooth and the inner table is poor. In the past decorative table using batch putty, paint method, the effect is not ideal, after learning foreign practices, that is, to make a smooth glass and steel lining (also known as inner sleeve, inner bile), installed on the hull, to achieve both inside and outside are smooth and beautiful, improve the grade of the boat. At present, this practice is more common.
lining mold production method is, first put the finished hull on hold, in the hull according to the design drawings layout requirements, with plywood and other materials in accordance with the actual sample, including the buoyant sandwich under the hull deck and the ship's tip compartment, cabin, etc. , the surface with atomic ash batch flat polishing, and then according to the mold requirements of hydration polishing, good de-molding material after turning into the required lining mold, basically similar to the ship's upper deck mold.
◀9, deck non-slip surface
deck has anti-slip requirements, fiberglass boat deck surface is often made into anti-slip wool surface, in order to be beautiful, in addition to the pattern pattern, will also be patterned wool surface, which requires this wool arrangement made on the deck mold, in order to form a whole.
anti-slip wool pattern can take ready-made wool panel material, such as decorative board, paper, wool glass, metal plate and so on, can also be turned over on the wool deck of other boats. The roll-over glass-and-steel wool panel is usually thin, cut it into the desired pattern size, paste it onto the deck sun mold, pressurize it to paste firmly, and then turn it into a production mold.
◀10, simple mold
If this type of boat only order one, for this purpose specialized in the production of glass and steel yin mold cost is too large, the user can not afford, and then some ship type non-standardized, often according to user requirements and changes, in this case, the production of stereotyped glass and steel vulsity is not appropriate. Manufacturers often use simple disposable molds.
one-time mold often use gypsum, plywood and other materials directly into the production of yin mold.
(1) gypsum mold
will be after the sample (ribs) set up, with building materials to fill the shape, only the surface left about 20mm gypsum layer thickness can be. In order to increase the strength of gypsum, a small amount of cement can be added together to modulated gypsum slurry, applied to the surface of the vulsium mold, and woodworking tools to cut sand grinding, so that it meets the requirements of the line type, to be dried to a certain extent, the surface is then sealed hole treatment, and then paint, water grinding, until the surface meets the requirements.
(2) plywood mold
production method with the above, but the mold material used is plywood or artificial fiberboard, nailed to the skeleton. In areas with large changes in curvature such as double surfaces, plywood can be cut into narrow slats to make it suitable for line pattern changes. It should be noted that the nail head should be embedded in the plate, the seam of the plate should be left with a certain gap, through the atomic ash inlay batch leveling, the surface does not leave nail head and stitch marks. Then the surface according to the mold requirements to do light can
(3) composite mold
that is, glass-enhanced mold. If the number of boats produced is 2 to 3, in order to save money, you can make a layer of fiberglass on the surface of a one-time mold, thickness depending on the base material, usually about 1mm. The surface also needs to be lighted. This strengthening mold can be kept intact after the product is undressed, is not easily damaged, and can be produced again. However, the release material must be carefully and carefully to ensure the release effect.
(4) one-piece mold
so-called one, refers to the glass-steel hull in the mold mold, the surface of the glass-steel layer of the mold becomes the surface layer of the hull, after the release of only the mold skeleton, therefore, this molding process is also known as moldless molding method. This is similar to plywood molds, but the mold surface does not use artificial plates, but with thinner fiberglass plates (glossy on the outside). After the production, the surface of the glass plate does not have to do light, do not need to release material, but to do surface polishing treatment, exposing fresh surface, to increase the bonding fastness with the subsequent fiberglass. After the mold is finished, the glass-and-steel hull is made directly on it. After the construction is completed and the mold skeleton is separated, the outer surface stitching is carefully treated, and then the surface decoration can be done with epoxy resin paint.
◀11, the use of release materials
because the synthetic resin has a strong bonding force, in order to make the glass and steel products smoothly separated from the mold (including when the mold is turned, the mold is separated from the original mother mold), the mold must be taken release measures, that is, the mold surface is applied to the release material.
release material mainly has liquid and paste-like wax two kinds. The purpose of the release material is to form a layer of isolation film on the mold surface so that the glass and steel products do not adhere to the mold. The formed film should not only be uniform, to ensure the original gloss of the mold surface, but also have a certain thickness and strength, so that the film layer is not easily impregnable by resin, but also have a certain degree of adhesion fastness, will not fall off during the operation.
the application of release material on the mold may seem simple, but also need to master a certain technology, some units of the product adhesive mold accident is caused by improper release material.
the use of
(1) liquid release agent (release water)
commonly used in polyethylene alcohol or polyacrylamide solution, as well as multiple use of semi-permanent solvent-based release agent.
requirement is to form a thin and uniform film. Commonly used rub coating, that is, with soft foam (sea cotton) wrapped in a very thin silk fabric (can be discarded Capron stockings), after the release agent, screw off too many release agents, so that the content is appropriate, and then with the rub method of the release agent evenly coated on the mold surface, pay attention not to leak. Only after the release agent has dried can the construction of the adhesive layer begin.
semi-permanent release agent can also be coated with spray.
(2) solid release wax
it is best to use special fiberglass release wax. How to use: with gauze wrapped a certain amount of release wax, coated on the mold surface, waiting for the wax in the low molecular elements volatile (usually ten minutes, when the ambient temperature is low to be appropriately extended), and then with a clean gauze or soft towel to rub hard, so that it shines