The management of traditional Chinese medicine planting is disordered; pharmaceutical enterprises are unwilling to purchase good raw materials

Many people say that traditional Chinese medicine is not effective in curing diseases In fact, part of the reason is that the quality of traditional Chinese medicine has problems Where to find genuine Chinese medicine (focus on the quality of traditional Chinese Medicine) (I)) Our reporter Wang Junping 1 One side of soil and water conservation and the other side of traditional Chinese medicine planting are authentic Traditional Chinese medicine cannot leave its growing geographical environment Illegal businessmen often use some medicines with the same name and different origins to make inferior ones, which seriously affects the reputation and value of genuine medicinal materials In October, Changbai Mountain was full of red leaves and the color of autumn was thick The reporter followed the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Changbai Mountain Management Committee to make a general survey of traditional Chinese medicine Changbai Mountain area is one of the "three gene databases of large and medium-sized medicinal materials" in China, which has extremely rich medicinal biological resources, and is also one of the key areas of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources Zheng Chunzhe, team leader of Baishan Management Committee, led the reporters into the mountain There are more than 2700 kinds of plants in Changbai Mountain Zheng Chunzhe is familiar with more than 2300 kinds of plants Don't say it's a complete plant specimen Even if it's a deformed plant seed or root skin, it can be accurately identified In the past 23 years, he has traveled all over the country, taking tens of thousands of photos of various plants Zheng Chunzhe is a traditional Chinese medicine He said that in recent years, the resources of wild traditional Chinese medicine are becoming less and less, and it is urgent to protect and cultivate them Traditional Chinese medicine should be cultivated in a proper way Just like one side of soil and water, traditional Chinese medicine cannot leave its geographical environment Ginseng is known as the "three treasures of the northeast", but when planted in Hainan, it grows as thick as a radish and has no medicinal value Traditional Chinese medicine has been said to be "genuine" since ancient times Because of the different ecological and geographical environment, there are significant differences in the therapeutic effect of drugs Fritillaria thunbergii (Fritillaria thunbergii) produced in Zhejiang Province is good at clearing the lung and eliminating phlegm It is suitable for the cough with phlegm heat accumulating in the lung Fritillaria thunbergii (Fritillaria thunbergii) produced in Sichuan Province is good at moistening the lung and relieving cough It can treat the cough with dry heat and fatigue The effective substances of Coptis chinensis in Sichuan were 2.73% higher than those in Hubei Bian Baolin, deputy director of the Institute of traditional Chinese medicine of the Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, said the varieties of Chinese herbal medicines planted should meet the local climate and soil conditions Different kinds of medicinal materials have different requirements for climate and soil Many geographical and ecological factors, such as latitude, altitude, topography and landform, affect the light, temperature, soil and precipitation, and play a decisive role in the growth of traditional Chinese medicine "Genuine medicinal materials" refer to the traditional Chinese medicinal materials with high quality, high efficacy and strong regional characteristics On the traditional Chinese medicine prescription paper, there are places of origin such as "Sichuan", "Yun" and "Guang" in front of the medicine name These drugs of origin are so-called genuine herbs Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of science and technology, many drugs have been able to be cultivated artificially However, after changing the place of origin and environment, will the curative effect of herbal medicine change? Licorice and ephedra are suitable for growth on calcareous soil in Northeast, North and Northwest China; gardenia prefers acid soil in South China; snow lotus, dandelion, Cistanche deserticola and Suoyang can grow and develop under strong light, while ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Coptis and asarum can grow well only under weak light If we disobey the law and plant in different regions at will, coupled with lack of planting experience, it will often cause a large number of diseases and insect pests, low yield and low quality Zhou Xun, Deputy Secretary General of the Chinese herbal medicine market special committee of the China Association of traditional Chinese medicine, said that many people now say that traditional Chinese medicine is ineffective in treating diseases In fact, part of the reason is that the quality of traditional Chinese medicine has gone wrong, and the traditional Chinese medicine that has been passed on for nearly two thousand years is not authentic Huang Luqi, vice president of the Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, pointed out that due to the limited quantity of genuine medicinal materials, illegal businessmen often use some medicines with the same name and different origins to make inferior ones, which seriously affected the reputation and value of genuine medicinal materials 2 The awkward traditional Chinese medicine in the "edge zone" lies between crops and medicines, which are under the control of all departments In fact, the quality of traditional Chinese medicine is difficult to guarantee "Orange in Huainan is orange, and orange in Huaibei is orange." The Astragalus planted in the North was transferred to the Yangtze River, and the former astragalus root down grew into chicken feet In the 1990s, Salvia miltiorrhiza was transplanted from Chongming Island of Shanghai Although it contained tanshinone, tanshinone could not be detected Ren Dequan, former deputy director of the State Food and drug administration, said: "the move of north medicine to the South and the planting of South medicine to the north, the cross regional planting of traditional Chinese medicine since the 1950s, is to solve the problem of shortage of traditional Chinese medicine resources The planting of traditional Chinese medicine, like rice and corn, has its specific growth area, and gene expression is related to the environment From the perspective of quality, it's better to be a genuine area " The production, supply and marketing of traditional Chinese medicine are managed by the state herbal medicine company established in 1955 In the 1980s, the system of pharmaceutical companies disintegrated, and thousands of pharmaceutical farmers directly connected with the market On the one hand, the enthusiasm of pharmaceutical production is released; on the other hand, the fluctuation of the price of traditional Chinese medicine has become the basis for local farmers to plant and the "timetable" for harvesting The planting of medicinal materials is scattered in thousands of households Because there is no fixed organization to coordinate the production plan, pharmaceutical farmers can only judge whether or not to plant and how much to plant depending on the price of a certain variety displayed in the market at a certain time "If you want to be rich, you need to plant medicine" Driven by economic interests, all regions blindly expand and introduce It is this abnormal fluctuation that affects the planting and distribution of traditional Chinese medicine, leading to the decline of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine "In March the wormwood grows in April, and in May it is cut for firewood." The planting technology of traditional Chinese medicine is not standardized When the top is pinched, the top is not pinched When the branch is pruned, the branch is not pruned When the branch is not collected, the quality of traditional Chinese medicine will decline Hangbaiju and 37, which can only grow up in five or six years, are picked up in advance by some farmers; rhizomes should be picked up before or after flowering, while some farmers pick them up at the flowering stage As a result, even experts can't recognize them after they go on the market Some farmers see the current price is not good, they leave the herbs in the field to continue to grow, waiting for the price to rise, but such medicines as Radix Isatidis, Angelica dahurica, angelica, etc bloom and bolt when they don't receive them in that year, and the roots used for medicine "send firewood" (that is, serious lignification), which is useless Chinese herbal medicines that are not picked according to the season or planted according to the region are no different from rotten wood An expert, who asked not to be named, said that at present, the cultivation and management of traditional Chinese medicine are in confusion Although some people think that the nature of traditional Chinese medicine belongs to drugs and the national pharmacopoeia has standards, it is not clear to define its nature as an economic crop in daily operation Traditional Chinese medicine lies in the marginal zone between crops and medicines, and all departments are in charge of it In fact, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of traditional Chinese medicine In the cultivation technology of traditional Chinese medicine, the research in our country is relatively weak, which leads to the formulation of standardized cultivation technical regulations is not perfect, which limits the solution of some major obstacles in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine For example, the problems of ginseng, American ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia have not been well solved; the lack of research on the characteristics of water and fertilizer demand of traditional Chinese medicine has resulted in the abuse of water and fertilizer, which has seriously affected the quality of traditional Chinese medicine According to Chen Shilin, director of the Institute of medicinal plants of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, nearly 160 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines cultivated in China are basically still in the stage of using farm varieties or mixed groups There are only more than 20 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine materials, such as Lycium barbarum, safflower, rehmannia, bupleurum, Schisandra chinensis, ginseng, which have been cultivated and approved or identified Most of the seeds of traditional Chinese medicine have no quality standard "Compared with modern agriculture, traditional Chinese medicine agriculture is at least 30 years behind." Ren Dequan said that the scientific and technological level of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in China is still low, which is not enough to solve the problem of the sharp decline of traditional Chinese medicine resources In modern agricultural technology, the fine variety selection and fine operation technology make little contribution to the progress of traditional Chinese medicine agricultural technology 3 The cheaper the certified raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine are, the higher the profit of the enterprise Few enterprises are willing to spend more money to buy high-quality Chinese herbal medicine How can we guarantee the quality of traditional Chinese medicine? Ren Dequan believes that the way out lies in the implementation of gap (quality management standard of Chinese herbal medicine production), which is consistent with the idea that the quality of finished drugs depends on GMP In the final analysis, good Chinese herbal medicines are produced by the standard operation of the whole planting process, which, what, how and how to collect, and establish operation records, so as to ensure the quality of herbal medicines In 2002, the former State Food and Drug Administration issued the standard for the quality management of the production of traditional Chinese medicine (for Trial Implementation), and the next year pushed the management method for the certification of the standard for the quality management of the production of traditional Chinese medicine (for Trial Implementation) The competent department hopes to produce according to gap, which is the key to improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products, and also the early guarantee for the production of follow-up industry Zhongcheng pharmaceutical However, gap, as an internationally accepted standard for medicinal plant cultivation, has encountered embarrassment in China Liuquan Township, Lingchuan County, Jincheng, Shanxi Province, is a gap planting base of Dangshen in Tongrentang (21.64, - 0.11, - 0.51%) GAP certification is usually valid for 5 years However, Tongrentang did not apply for certification of the 700 Mu GAP base after the certification expired in 2009 "Certified products can't be sold at a high price in the market, and enterprises don't have power," the local said Gap brings high cost burden to enterprises, almost throughout the whole process of traditional Chinese medicine planting "If encounter disease and insect pest, others use virulent pesticide, may spend 5 yuan to kill disease and insect, but use low residue pesticide to be possible to want 200 yuan." Lingchuan County authorities said that enterprises could not bear the high cost pressure brought by gap "Gap products are not recognized by the market The reason lies in that the high-quality pieces of ready-made medicine cannot be sold at a good price." Ren Dequan has investigated in Inner Mongolia and found that licorice purchased by domestic pharmaceutical companies is thin and long grass, while licorice exported to Hong Kong or abroad is thick and strong This is the reason why "Shanghai medical treatment, Hong Kong medicine" Take Liuwei Dihuang pill as an example The average manufacturer is 5 yuan a box, but Tongrentang is 15 yuan Tongrentang's drug price is on the high side in the industry, so it can only digest its high cost with high price The cheaper the traditional Chinese medicine is, the higher the profit of the enterprise will be Few enterprises are willing to spend more money to buy high-quality Chinese medicine, which is a bit like the bad money to drive away the good money It is difficult to improve the quality of Chinese medicine without distinguishing the advantages and disadvantages of the medicine and reflecting the high quality and good price Ren Dequan said that promoting gap is the road to modernization of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture, and the core is "standardization to promote scale, scale to ensure standardization" Gap is not aimed at farmers, but enterprise legal person Only by liberating traditional Chinese medicine from small-scale peasant economy, can we solve the problem of serious disconnection between traditional Chinese medicine agriculture and traditional Chinese medicine industry At present, there are nearly one hundred gap certified enterprises with an area of more than one thousand mu, which need to strengthen daily supervision, provide supporting support in policy, and implement high quality and good price.