The main problems in the development of China's dairy industry

Introduction: the yield level of dairy cattle is not high, the quality level of dairy cattle population in China is not high, the proportion of pure Holstein cattle is less than 1 / 3, the others are hybrid improved cattle or meat and milk dual purpose cattle, etc The national average output is less than 3500 kg There is a serious shortage of good breed cows In recent years, there is a certain blindness in the introduction of dairy cows from abroad The main problem brought by the introduction of a large number of dairy cows is that the quality of dairy cows has a downward trend Due to the problem of mad cow disease, at present, only cows can be imported from Australia and New Zealand Australia and New Zealand have small herds and small selectivity In addition, most of the cows imported from Australia have no pedigree The construction of forage production, processing and preservation system lags behind some areas that just started to raise cows In the cow production system, there are generally problems of the construction of forage production, processing and preservation system lagging behind A small number of farmers need very few special forage planting bases for raising cows, so they lack of high-quality forage and green forage, so the genetic potential of milk production of cows can not be fully exploited In addition to nearly 500 small dairy processing enterprises, most of them have a daily processing capacity of less than 50 tons The smaller the scale, the lower the benefit In addition, some small enterprises have backward processing equipment and technology, low quality management level and low production efficiency At present, the degree of industrialization is not high, the farmers who raise cows are still mainly scattered, the degree of industrialization organization is low, and the contradiction between small production and large market is still prominent Although a number of leading enterprises have emerged in recent years, the gap between their scale and strength is far from that of the world-renowned large enterprises A large number of dairy farmers have not established a firm and stable contractual relationship with the processing enterprises, and the interest conflicts between them occur frequently At present, the construction of quality standard and monitoring system lags behind The production of raw milk in China is still dominated by manual milking, which leads to the instability of raw milk quality At the same time, the current quality standards of raw milk and dairy products in China are not perfect, and the third-party quality monitoring independent of the buyer and the seller has not yet been carried out In addition, in the fresh-keeping, storage and transportation, packaging and other links are not standardized, but also affect the quality of fresh milk and dairy products These are not conducive to the improvement of dairy quality, production efficiency and food safety.