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A team of researchers at Columbia University's School of Neuroengineering recently revealed the brain's workings behind the phenomenon and published their findings in the journal NeuronIn addition, DrNima Mesgarani announced the development of a new hearing aid based on this researchUsing the Brain Machine Interface (BCI), the hearing aid converts brain wave patterns into speech with the help of a speech synthesizerhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.007as early as 2012, drNima Mesgarani of Columbia University's Mortimer BZuckerman Brain Institute found that the human brain is selective about the sounds it hearsWhen a person listens to someone, their brainwaves change to recognize the speaker's voice characteristics and ignore other soundsdecode the sound two-step strategy
there is a magical region of the brain - the auditory cortex, where when the external world's cluttered sound waves pass signals through the inner ear to the brain, the auditory cortex accurately picks meaningful information from the cluttered sound and transmits it to the brainThe auditory cortex is layered, and each layer decodes the sound to varying degreesThere are two hierarchies: Cross Back (HG) and Top Back (STG)The researchers found that information from the inner ear first reached HG and then to STG through itNima Mesgarani and DrJames O'Sullivanresearchers found some epilepsy patients, some of whom needed regular brain surgery Dr Nima Mesgarani and Dr James O'Sullivan monitor edgy waves in the HG or STG region by implanting electrodes into patients The role of electrodes is to help researchers clearly distinguish between HG and STG, the role of the cerebral cortex in decoding sound the neuro-response data from epilepsy patients show that HG creates a rich, multi-dimensional mix of sounds, each of which is shown at different frequencies, and that in this area of HG, the brain is "equally discriminatory" and does not show a preference for a certain sound, but treats each sound equally However, the data collected from STG seems to tell a very different story By weighing the signals sent by HG, the STG area filters out some sounds, leaving a frequency of sound to amplify the performance of auditory subjects in HG and STG
these findings reveal the division of responsibilities between the two areas of the auditory cortex: HG encoding, and STG selection And it all happened in about 150 milliseconds, which is a blink of an eye for humans in addition, the researchers found other effects of STG After selection, the STG area creates an impression of a sound, and even if the voice is overwritten by another speaker (for example, when two people talk to each other), the STG can still represent the desired speaker as a unified whole, regardless of the volume of the competing sound new hearing aids are a boon to deaf people
the information gathered in this study could be used as a basis for artificial imitation of this biological process algorithm and thus better applied to hearing aids Earlier this year, Dr Mesgarani and his team announced the development of a brain-controlled hearing aid, which is a boon for deaf or epileptic people it is understood that the newly developed brain-computer interface has the same technology as Apple Siri, capable of verbally answering questions about everyday life The researchers plan to study HG and STG activities in increasingly complex scenarios that have more speakers or include visual cues These efforts will help provide detailed and accurate images of how each area of the auditory cortex works military priority? it's worth noting that the technology is the result of a study by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which has worked with military users to improve personalized learning (PAL) for operational purposes and to work with the defense procurement community to convert PAL technology into military systems Do you think Dr Mesgarani's hearing aid, which uses BCI and phonographs to convert brain waves into speech, will be used first for military or medical care? References: ?