The "love" between man and pharmacy spanning thousands of years

Since our ancestors began to breed in this land, since the beginning of the god farmers tasted grass, the relationship between man and medicine has never been cut off, human understanding of pharmacy and the wide application of pharmacy in our social life, just like a pair of acquaintances and lovers hand in hand, across the millennium, we will review this tangled love history, and look forward to a better future.
First sight: The germination of ancient pharmacology in East and West in the ancient pharmaceutical exploration stage, the four ancient civilizations of the sages have carried out the exploration of the medicinal value of plants in nature, this is the first time we meet with pharmacology.
Warming Up: Modern - The development of various disciplines has promoted the systematic development of drugs With the progress of modern chemistry and experimental physiology, we began to extract some elements of medicinal value from nature and then process them into drugs, drug research and development into a systematic and scientific.
Love: Modern- Pharmaceuticals entered a new era In the 10th century, drug development experienced three leaps and 10 years later, the industrial era also brought about a leap forward in technology in various fields, clinical began to enter the era of biopharmaceuticals.
1970s, the rapid development of biotechnology has also promoted the rapid development of pharmaceutical research and development into the biopharmaceutical stage.
1975, Milstein and Kohler collaborated to develop hybrid tumor technology and use it to produce monoclonal antibodies.
pioneered a new era in the production of single-specific monoclonal antibodies, and in 1984 Milstein and Kohler were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiological Medicine.
this technique continuously cultures myeloma cells in-body, fuses B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies, and then screens and clones a large number of monoclonal cell strains14.
Currently with the four main types of monoclonal antibody 15 monoantigen drugs also have the potential to cause an immune response in the patient, that is, immunogenicity, which induces the body to produce anti-drug antibodies, thereby affecting the effectiveness and safety of monoantigen drugs16.
monoantibodies have undergone four stages of development: mouse-source monoclonal antibodies (0% human-sourced) → human-sourced monoclonal antibodies (65% human-sourced) → human-source monoclonal antibodies t;90-95% human-origin) →the all-human monoclonal antibody (100% human-sourced), with the increase of the proportion of human source, the immunogenicity of monoantigen is decreasing by 17,18.
with advances in biotechnology, phage demonstration techniques and genetically modified mouse technologies can now produce human-generated monoclonal antibodies.
Amgen, through a genetically modified mouse platform called XENOMOUSE, transducts encoded human Ig (immunoglobulin) to replace the mouse endogen Ig gene, which is synthesized into mice to obtain all-human antibodies, in one case Denasumab, a 100% human-sourced monoclonal antibody 19.
monoclonal antibody has the characteristics of strong targeting, high specificity and low toxic side effects, represents the latest development direction in the field of drug treatment, and has been vigorously promoted in the field of anti-tumor and autoimmune system defects treatment 20.
Therapeutic monoclonal antibody mechanism: including direct and indirect mechanism 21 therapeutic monoclonal antibody absorption and distribution 22,232019, monoclonal antibody drugs have occupied the world TOP15 best-selling drugs 53.3% 38 biopharmaceutical development let us and pharmacy links closer, biopharmaceuticals for the level of medical treatment has brought a higher level of leap, but also let us have a greater thirst for biopharmaceuticals and expectations.
to a new era of clinical researchers' enthusiasm for biopharmaceuticals, the exploration of biotechnology has also brought new sparks to the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
recent years, in the field of osteoporosis treatment, biopharmaceuticals have brought a leap forward in monoantigen, Anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody - Denosumab has been widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis 40, In 2019, Evenity became the world's first approved monoclonal antibody drug against Sclerostin, which promotes bone formation while reducing bone absorption 42; In the future, interstage stem cell therapy is also expected to become a new strategy and method for the treatment of osteoporosis 43, anti-osteoporosis treatment ushered in a new era.
from ancient herbs to modern chemicals to current biological medicines, the development of pharmacy has benefited human society as a whole, and there are many more unsolvent mysteries to be solved.
we firmly believe that this love affair between scientists and pharmacy will continue forever and explore more possibilities in the future.
: 1. Pharmacology. 9th Edition.8. Mayan.Life World, 2013 (02): 84-93.9. Liu Zhaoxuan. Xinmin Weekly, 2020 (35): 72-73.10. Guo Wei, etc. Pharmacy Education, 2018, 34 (03): 1-5.11. Zhan Zhengxuan, etc. Journal of Practical Medicine, 2011, 28 (02): 168-170.12. Zhao Chenxuan, etc. Journal of Pharmacy, 2017, 52 (06): 837-847.13. China Health Industry, 2011, 8 (10): 101.14. Zhao Chenxuan, etc. Journal of Pharmacy, 2017, 52 (6): 837-847.15. Inspection Medicine, 2019, 34 (5): 466-471.16. Dong Jian, Chinese Practicing Pharmacist, 2012, 9 (9): 15-2017.Clark M. Immunol Today. 2000 Aug; 21(8):397-402.18.Doevendans E, et al. Antibodies (Basel). 2019 Mar 5; 8(1).19.Lu RM, et al. J Biomed Sci. 2020 Jan 2; 27 (1): 1.20. Yu Xue, etc. Tianjin Pharmacy, 2015, 27 (02): 70-72.21.Suzuki M, et al. J Toxicol Pathol. 2015 Jul; 28(3):133-9.22.Ryman JT, et al. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2017 Sep; 6(9):576-588.23.Silberstein S, et al. Headache. 2015 Sep; 55(8):1171-82.24.Roberts AG and Gibbs ME. Clin Pharmacol 2018; 10; 123-13425.Tabrizi MA, et al. Drug Discov Today. 2006; 11:81–88.26.Foltz IN, et al. Circulation. 2013; 127:2222–2230.27.Hayes AR, et al. Computat Math Meth Med. 2013; 2013:41982128.Ogu CC, et al. Pro (Bayl Univ Med Centr). 2000; 13:421-42329.Bardal SK, et al. Applied Pharmacology. Elsevier, 201130.Widmer N, et al. Eur J Cancer. 2014; 50:2020-203631.Zhao L, et al. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2012; 33:1339–1347.32.Serra López-Matencio JM, et al. J Immunol Sci. 2018; 2:4–7.33.Hendrikx JJMA, et al. Oncologist. 2017; 22:1212–1221.34.Tabrizi MA, et al. Drug Discov Today.2007 Jul ; 12(13-14) :540-7.35.Gerber, DE, et al. Am Fam Physician.2008 Feb 01 ; 77(3) :311-9.36.Be kker PJ, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2004; 19:1059-1066.37. Chinese Medical Association Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis Branch. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis.2020, 13 (6): 1-10.38. EA, et al. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Dec; 31(12):2413-2424.41.Tanaka S, et al. J Bone Miner Metab. 2021 Jan 2.42. Shavibo, etc. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis, 2019, 12 (03): 211-212.43. Ai Juqing, et al. Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 37 (01): 84-88.