The latest research shows that taking a daily multivitamin can improve Alzheimer's disease

The survey report on the current situation of Alzheimer's disease awareness and demand in China was recently released, and the survey report shows that the total awareness rate of the population with Alzheimer's disease in China exceeds 90%, but the active medical treatment rate is only more than 10

The U.

In a recent study published in the journal Alzheimer's and Dementia, researchers in the United States investigated whether daily use of cocoa extract (CE, containing 500 mg of flavanols, 80 mg of epicatechins, 50 mg/day of theobromine (50 mg/day), and 15 mg/day of caffeine and/or MVM (multivitamin minerals) could protect cognitive function

The researchers recruited a total of 2262 participants to evaluate the cognitive enhancement effects

COSMOS-Mind (COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study of the Mind) is a large, practical, placebo-controlled, factor 2×2 clinical trial that tests the effects

The team conducted phone-based cognitive tests for three consecutive years to assess general cognitive, executive and memory function

Secondary outcomes included a combination of measurement of episodic memory and executive function

Using the Intent Therapy (ITT) approach, the primary study endpoint was GCC change after three years of taking cocoa extract, and the secondary study endpoint was GCC change

Eligibility criteria for COSMOS testing include (i) no prior history of MI (myocardial infarction) or stroke; (ii) No prior history of cancer in the past two years; (iii) no history of serious illness that impedes participation; (iv) not to use cocoa or mineral/vitamin supplements during RCT; (v) No recorded cocoa or caffeine allergies; (vi) ≥ a successful 2-month placebo trial with a 75% ≥ of intervention adherence and (vii) no concurrent participation in other RCTs
.

In addition, COSMOS-Mind trial eligibility includes (i) patient age ≥65 years; (ii) no use of insulin; (iii) The ability to
complete a telephone cognitive assessment.

The COSMOS trial was conducted randomly using a computer-generated list of assignments
.

All participants, inspectors and investigators were unaware
of the intervention.

Linear mixed-effects models are used for analysis
.

The Consort diagram shows the participants' flow from the first method to randomizing each of the four treatment combinations in the 2×2 factorial design

The findings of the study found that:

1.
Cocoa extract (CE) has no significant effect on cognition (mean z-score 0.
03).


Conversely, daily MVM supplementation showed statistically significant cognitive (GC) benefits (mean z-score of 0.
1) compared with placebo, which was most prominent among adults with CVD (mean z-scores of 0.
06 and 0.
14 for negative and positive histories, respectively).

2.
Taking a multivitamin mineral (MVM) also has certain benefits for the improvement of memory and executive function, with an average z-score of 0.
1 and 0.
1
, respectively.

3.
Cocoa extract did not alter the cognitive benefits of MVM and no adverse events
were reported during the trial.

Overall, the findings suggest that taking cocoa extract daily for three years has no cognitive benefits
.

In contrast, taking a daily vitamin and mineral supplement for three years improved overall cognition, episodic memory, and executive function
in older adults.

In particular, the benefits of vitamin and mineral supplementation are more pronounced
in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease
in old age.

Early symptoms include: memory loss, poor orientation, inability to find a home, difficulty finding words, and anxiety with decreased
sleep quality.

Therefore, encouraging the elderly to participate in social activities and cultivate hobbies can maintain the vitality
of the brain.

At the same time, help the elderly develop a healthy lifestyle
of quitting smoking and alcohol restrictions, eating a reasonable diet, balanced nutrition, and adhering to exercise.

The elderly with high blood pressure and diabetes should be effectively treated
.

This will improve their quality of
life.

Source: https://alz-journals.
onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/10.
1002/alz.
12767 Source | Written by Biovalley
| Editing | From Li Bai's "Life must be full of joy in life, do not make the golden bottle empty to the moon" in the Tang Dynasty, to the morning C (Coffee) evening A (Alcohol) of contemporary people, wine has become an indispensable drink
in the lives of many people.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"ceSW\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"kxEw\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Golden Bottle Mande, Xinpiao Wanguo
.

From Chinese baijiu, to Scottish whiskey, to Dutch brandy, to Russian vodka, liquor is popular
all over the world.

It is estimated that more than 2 billion people drink globally, and about 1 in 4 people love to drink
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"Dyi3\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"80tJ\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"However, just as the so-called "small drink, large discretion hurts the body", if the amount is not controlled, the wine will also become the yellow spring water
of "feathering and ascending to the immortal".

Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data estimates that about 1.
34 billion men and 312 million women worldwide drank harmful amounts in 2020, and about 1.
78 million died from drinking
.

Not only that, but excessive alcohol intake is also one of the leading causes of
death among middle-aged men aged 15-49.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"fjPs\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"r65n\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,{"gallery":" https://uploader.
shimo.
im/f/8VjZ68Po7WJ1fQxG.
png!thumbnail"},"29:0|30:0|3:\"544px\"|4:\"419px\"|crop:\"\"|frame:\"none\"|ori-height:\"694\"|ori-width:\"900\"],[20,"\n ","24:\"U8CZ\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Proportion of the global population who drink more harmful amounts by age and sex","0:\"%23a5a5a5"], [20,"\n","24:\"fMdH\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"LwdB\"|direction:\" ltr\"],[20,", however, "moderate drinking" seems to be a very "metaphysical" term
.

How much is "moderate"? Is there also a health risk to "moderate alcohol consumption"? Are there differences in the specific indicators of "moderation" for people of different ages? Scientists are also arguing about this
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"Nf2Q\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"AOnP\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Recent Blockbuster Research Published at The Lancet"], [20, "Population-level risks of alcohol consumption.
" by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020","9:1",[20,", quantifying the risk profile of alcohol intake by age, sex, and year based on 21 regions around the
world, including 204 countries and territories.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"OXXw\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"W9iA\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"The results show that for young people aged 15-39, drinking alcohol has no health benefits, only health risks! For middle-aged and elderly people aged 40 and over who have no potential health problems, they may benefit from drinking a small amount of alcohol (1-2 standard cups per day), including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, etc
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"52wE\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"NlFN\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20, "Young people, or don't develop the habit of "singing to wine", it is better to "drink and chase scenery often"
when you are old.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"lWU7\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"bvS4\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,{"gallery":" https://uploader.
shimo.
im/f/VYeRtoGHkC0cFA6U.
png!thumbnail"},"29:0|30:0|3:\"605px\"|4:\"273px\"|crop:\"\"|frame:\"none\"|ori-height:\"370\"|ori-width:\"818\"],[20,"\n ","24:\"6ETf\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"DOI:https://doi.
org/10.
1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9","0:\"%23a5a5a5\"],[20,"\n","24:\"idjj\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20," "],[ 20, "\n","24:\"gX54"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Researchers collected GBD data from men and women aged 15-95 years over a 30-year period from 1990 to 2020, and assessed the effects of alcohol consumption on 22 health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic disease, etc.
, based on alcohol use in 21 regions around the world, including 204 countries, A weighted fully attributed relative risk curve of alcohol was plotted using the Bayesian Convergence Regression tool to provide evidence
for the development of recommendations for global alcohol consumption.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"grOp\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"uR3w\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"In developing effective evidence-based guidelines and alcohol restriction policies, there are two quantities that are critical and are the focus of this study:"],[20,"\n","24:\"0BI7\ "|direction:\"ltr\"], [20,"(1)"], [20,"TMREL","8:1"],[20,", "Theoretical minimum risk exposure level," "Theoretical minimum risk exposure level," [20],", "theoretical minimum risk exposure level", "8:1", [20,", represents the amount of
alcohol consumed that minimizes health loss to the population as a whole.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"2N8V\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"(2)"],[20,"NDE","8:1"],[20,"(Non-drinker equivalence),i.
e.
"],[20,"Non-drinker equivalent level","8:1"],[20,", Used to measure a drinker's risk of health loss as much as a non-drinker's alcohol consumption
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"ii16\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"felh\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"The results of the data analysis show that, overall, TMREL remained at a low level, regardless of geography, age, sex, or age, Fluctuates
between 0-1.
87 standard cups per day.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"dZKA\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"zCZr\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"At this point, I think every reader is most concerned about: How much is 1 standard cup?" "],[20,"\n","24:\"9ro0\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"oYhN\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"1 standard glass of wine, defined as 10g of pure alcohol
.

Examples are as follows: "],[20,"\n","24:\"GES3\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"A small glass of red wine, about 100ml, 13% alcohol; "],[20,"\n","24:\"LKJs\"|bullet-id:\"3sza\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"A can or bottle of beer, about 375ml, with an alcohol content of 3.
5%; "],[20,"\n","24:\"uLYm\"|bullet-id:\"3sza\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"A small glass of spirits (whiskey or liquor), about 30ml, 40%
alcohol.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"FWdU\"|bullet-id:\"3sza\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"V3N1\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"That is, the recommended alcohol intake for the adult population is at a low level, 2 standard glasses of wine per day pose an adverse health risk
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"Ya5m\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"iC9O\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,{"gallery":" https://uploader.
shimo.
im/f/7xBvvNixyqpRmt5s.
jpeg!thumbnail"},"29:0|30:0|3:\"520\"|4:\"auto\"|crop:\"\"|frame:\"none\"|ori-height:\"266\"|ori-width:\"520\"],[20,"\n", "24:\"Q5cM\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Source:Network","0:\"%23a5a5a5\"],[20,"\n","24:\"uSls\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"iAFi\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20," Due to regional distribution and racial differences across the globe, TMREL and NDE levels vary from region to region
.

In addition, age was also one of the important factors contributing to significant differences in drinking levels, with TMREL and NDE much lower in the younger group than in the older group
.

But gender and age do not have an impact
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"XuKR\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"9I3e\"|direction:\"ltr\"], [20,"Age stratified, older group"], [20, "TMREL","8:1"],[20,"Significantly higher than the younger group
.

Specifically, individuals aged 15-39 years had a TMREL of 0.
000-0.
603 cups/day, while individuals aged 40 and over had a TMREL of 0.
114-1.
87 cups/day
.

where, "],[20,"\n","24:\"uMrf\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"5i9i\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"TMREL levels were 0.
136 standard cups/day for men aged 15-39 and 0.
273 standard cups/day for women; "],[20,"\n","24:\"xw4i\"|bullet-id:\"Utvj\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"TMREL levels were 0.
527 cups/day for men aged 40-64 and 0.
562 cups/day for women; "],[20,"\n","24:\"KmWw\"|bullet-id:\"Utvj\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"TMREL levels were 0.
636 cups/day for 65-year-old men and 0.
656 cups/day
for women.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"IGSh\"|bullet-id:\"Utvj\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"vb0M\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"The same situation occurs in "],[20,"NDE","8:1 Horizontally, the NDE of individuals aged 15-39 years was 0.
002-1.
75 standard cups/day, well below 0.
193-6.
94 standard cups per day for 40 years of age and older
.

Where, "],[20,"\n","24:\"mQl0\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"M7mW\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"NDE levels for men aged 15-39 were 0.
249 cups/day and 0.
546 cups/day for women; "],[20,"\n","24:\"XO5V\"|bullet-id:\"Utvj\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"NDE levels were 1.
69 cups/day for men aged 40-64 and 1.
82 cups/day for women; "],[20,"\n","24:\"jwz5\"|bullet-id:\"Utvj\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"NDE levels were 3.
19 standard cups/day for 65-year-old men and 3.
51 standard cups/day
for women.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"cNjy\"|bullet-id:\"Utvj\"|bullet:\"circle\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"Xjsn\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"In other words, among middle-aged people aged 15-39, Drinking even one standard glass of wine a day can trigger adverse health events; For middle-aged and elderly people aged 40 years and older, a small amount of alcohol consumption (1-2 standard cups) is within the
controllable range.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"fSV8\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"ibno\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,{"gallery":" https://uploader.
shimo.
im/f/TBd3v9q9ipqLBMyB.
png!thumbnail"},"29:0|30:0|3:\"546px\"|4:\"490px\"|crop:\"\"|frame:\"none\"|ori-height:\"809\"|ori-width:\"900\"],[20,"\n ","24:\"JSr5\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"By Region, Age Group, Sex, TMREL and NDE Levels in 2020","0:\"%23a5a5a5"], [20,"\n","24:\"4MpI\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"5yNE\"| direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Young men, the group most likely to reach harmful drinking levels, and a single bottle of beer increases the risk of
health damage.

This data means that for young people, the minimum level of safe drinking currently established is still the sameToo high
.

Dana Bryazka, the study's leader, emphasized
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"iG36\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"whVk\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Why is there such a "counterintuitive" difference? "],[20,"\n","24:\"QiyE\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"mn3w\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"According to the researchers, this result is mainly caused by differences in the main causes of
death and disease burden at different ages.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"OMB4\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"4Mia\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"In people aged 15-39 years","8:1",[20,", alcohol-related "life loss" is mainly attributed to acute injury, About half of alcohol-related DALY (66.
3% for men and 47.
9% for women).


These include traffic injuries (25.
9% male/female 12.
7%), self-harm/suicide (male/12.
3%), interpersonal violence/homicide (male/female6.
70%)
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"JcmM\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"TfPb\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"In people aged 40-64 years","8:1",[20,", the important cause of drinking "life expectancy" turns to chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, Diseases similar to ischemic heart disease (24.
1% males/19.
5% female) and intracerebral hemorrhage (males 10.
3%/females 11.
7%) accounted for a significant
increase in the proportion of alcohol-related DALYs.

Although unintentional injuries are still an important source of burden (23.
0% males/16.
7% females), they are significantly reduced
compared to those aged 15-39 years.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"oUXW\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"ZkVE\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"In people aged 65 and older","8:1",[20,", the primary burden of disease due to alcohol consumption stems from cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, Ischemic stroke, etc
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"OJ7o\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"cudh\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,{"gallery":" https://uploader.
shimo.
im/f/ydns5tqOCUgPbmNc.
png!thumbnail"},"29:0|30:0|3:\"542px\"|4:\"479px\"|crop:\"\"|frame:\"none\"|ori-height:\"797\"|ori-width:\"900\"],[20,"\n ","24:\"6crQ\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Relative Proportion of DALYs Related to Alcohol Consumption in 2020 by GBD Region, Age, and Sex Group","0:\"%23a5a5a5\"], [20,"\n","24:\"Ytiw\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"*DALYs, i.
e.
, disability-adjusted life years , refers to the total number of years of healthy life lost from onset to death, including two parts: the loss of life due to early death and the year of loss of health life due to disability", "0:\"%23a5a5a5"], [20,"\n","24:\"Extf\"|7:1|direction:\"ltr\"], [20,"\n","24:\"jqEi\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"" The phenomenon of "increasing levels of TMREL and NDE with age" occurs because in the age group of 40 and older, moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of certain diseases, and this proportion has expanded, including a reduction in the risk of stroke and diabetes
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"CAIz\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"gTdb\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"In summary, the relationship between moderate drinking and health is complex
.

Available evidence suggests that drinking small amounts of alcohol may reduce the risk of certain diseases while increasing others; But from this study, recommended alcohol consumption should be based more on age and region
.

For young people, any amount of alcohol consumed will become a health burden, but when the age reaches 40 years and older, drinking 1-2 drinks in moderation will bring certain health benefits
.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"TEwm\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"V82G\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"Therefore, the easiest way to reduce risk for young people is to "not drink alcohol"! Obviously, abstaining from alcohol may not be realistic
for some people.

However, the researchers say it's important to have access to the latest "evidence" and that everyone should make informed decisions and take responsibility for
their health.

"],[20,"\n","24:\"w0Tk\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"CRN8\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"\n","24:\"l4EF\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"References:"],[20,"\n","24:\ "a6Fy\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"[1]GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators.
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020.
Lancet.
2022 Jul 16; 400(10347):185-235.
doi: 10.
1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9.
Erratum in: Lancet.
2022 Jul 19; : PMID: 35843246; PMCID: PMC9289789.
"],[20,"\n","24:\"ebTV\"|direction:\"ltr\"],[20,"[2]"],[20,"","16:\"https%3A%2F%2Fwww.
eurekalert.
org% 2Fnews-releases%2F958569\"]]' data-copy-origin="https://shimo.
im">Click "Read the original" below to download the Metz Medical APP