The latest release of the authorities: 2018 global report on esophageal and stomach cancer, China has the highest number of cases.

▎ Yao Ming Kant content team editor: esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are common digestive system malignancies, and both are associated with higher disease-related mortality.recently, researchers from the international agency for research on cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (who) conducted statistics on the number of patients and deaths of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer and their subtypes: esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; gastric cardia and non cardia gastric cancer in 185 countries around the world in 2018, and compared the proportion and incidence rate of the two cancer subtypes.the results of the study were published in gut, the official journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology.Image Source: pixabayiarc researchers found that there were about 1.6 million new cases of esophageal and gastric cancer worldwide in 2018, leading to nearly 1.3 million deaths.specifically, in 2018, there were about 57.2 new cases of esophageal cancer worldwide, of which 84% were esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, about 482 thousand cases, with an incidence rate of 5.3/10 million, and 85 thousand cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, with an incidence rate of 0.9/10 million.about 70% of esophageal cancer occurs in men, and the proportion of esophageal adenocarcinoma in men is higher than that in women (16% vs 11%).although esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still the most common subtype of esophageal cancer, in North America, northern Europe and Oceania, the number of esophageal adenocarcinoma exceeds that of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The sharp rise in incidence rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma is in sharp contrast to the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.the researchers believe that this change is largely due to central obesity (or abdominal obesity) and the increase in the number of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).in China, the incidence rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma is still lower than that of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophageal cancer patients are the majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.has 1 million 30 thousand cases of newly developed gastric cancer, of which 82% are non cardia gastric cancer, about 853 thousand cases, with a incidence rate of 9.2/10 million. Gastric cardia gastric cancer 181 thousand, the incidence rate is 2.0/10 million.about 2 / 3 of gastric cancer cases occur in men, and the proportion of men in gastric cardia cancer cases is higher, about 3 / 4. The incidence rate of gastric cardia and non cardia gastric cancer is decreasing globally on the whole of.image source: the most common cases of Pixabay adenocarcinoma in the East Asia are East Asia (29 thousand), followed by North America (15 thousand) and Western Europe (8 thousand), and the highest incidence rate in northern Europe is 3.5/10 million, followed by North America, 2.2/10 million.in different countries, China (27 thousand) is the most common number of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, followed by the United States (13 thousand), not only because of its large population base, but also high incidence rate.the highest incidence rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Holland and Britain is 4.4/10 million.for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, northern Iran, Central Asia, China and parts of East Africa are high incidence areas.403000 new cases are in Asia, accounting for more than 80% of the global proportion, and there are more than 277000 cases in China alone. the incidence rate of East Asian esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is 11.1/10 million, and incidence rate is the highest in the world. in addition, in sub Saharan Africa, there are also more patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, with more than 22000 cases in 2018. Image Source: pixabay Asia is a high incidence area of gastric cancer, with more than 70% cases of gastric cardia and non cardia gastric cancer. about 121000 (67%) of gastric cardia cancer cases occurred in East Asia, including 110000 cases in China, followed by 14000 cases (8%) in central and South Asia and 9000 cases (5%) in North America. Incidence rate of incidence rate of gastric cardia cancer is the highest in East Asia, , and incidence rate is 4.4/10 million. Secondly, Oceania, Western Europe and Western Asia are 1.7/10 10000, 1.6/10 10000 and 1.6/10 million respectively. The incidence of sub Saharan Africa is lowest, with 0.2/10 being at least. has the highest incidence rate of gastric cardia cancer in China and Iran in different countries, 5.0/10 million. most cases of gastric cardia cancer occur in countries with relatively high level of economic and social development. With the increase of economic and social development, the incidence rate has increased significantly. East Asia is the most prevalent region in non cardial gastric cancer. It is also the highest incidence rate area. In 2018, nearly 500 thousand new cases occurred, accounting for 58% of the total cases in the world, incidence rate was 17/10 million, 130 thousand occurred in other parts of Asia, followed by Europe, South America, the Caribbean and Central America. The incidence rate of among East Asian countries is highest in Korea, Mongolia and Japan, and it is above 25/10 million. photo source: for the prevention of esophageal cancer in pixabay, the researchers believe that smoking and heavy drinking are still the two main risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and are the cause of most cases in high-income countries, but other risk factors such as hot drinking, drug abuse and indoor air pollution are dominant in high-risk areas such as Iran or East African countries such as Kenya. , for the time being, the primary prevention measures, including controlling obesity and continuing intervention in high income areas, to reduce the prevalence of smoking and drinking, are still the key to reducing the incidence rate of esophageal cancer. , in addition, timely screening for high-risk esophageal cancer patients also helps to reduce the incidence rate. the Chinese National Health Commission issued the "guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer (2018)", which recommended that high-risk groups should be screened for gastric cancer. those who meet any one of Article 1 and 2-6 should be classified as high-risk population of esophageal cancer: ① the age is over 40 years old. ② from the high incidence area of esophageal cancer. ③ upper gastrointestinal symptoms. ④ family history of esophageal cancer. ⑤ patients with esophageal precancerous diseases or precancerous lesions. there were other high risk factors of esophageal cancer (smoking, heavy drinking, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck or respiratory tract, etc.). Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for gastric cancer, accounting for about 90% of non cardiac gastric cancer and 20% of gastric cardia cancer; in addition, the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer include tumor mixture that may originate from the lower or proximal esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity. reduce Helicobacter pylori infection, do a good job in Helicobacter pylori detection, timely treatment and consultation; control the occurrence of obesity and gastric cancer screening, will help to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. according to the "gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment specification (2018 Edition)" issued by the National Health Commission of China, it is recommended that high-risk population should be screened for gastric cancer. those who meet any of the following items 1 and 2-6 should be listed as high-risk population of gastric cancer: ① over 40 years old, male or female; ② population in high-risk area of gastric cancer; ③ Helicobacter pylori infection; ④ previous gastric precancerous diseases such as chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyps, postoperative remnant stomach, hypertrophic gastritis and malignant anemia; ⑤ first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer; and (6) presence of gastric cancer Other high risk factors of gastric cancer (high salt, salted diet, smoking, heavy drinking, etc.). reference [1] Melina Arnold, et al., (2020). Global burden of oesophageal and gastric cancer by history and substation in 2018. Got, DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321600. [2] updated estimates of the global burden of oesophageal and gastric cancer by subtype in 2018. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020, Chinese National Health Commission. Esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment specification (2018 Edition) [4] Chinese National Health Commission. Gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment specification (2018 Edition). Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not the treatment scheme recommendation. if you need guidance on treatment plan, please go to a regular hospital.