The Latest: Exercise anti-aging? Scientists successfully transferred this function by changing blood.

Learn about the latest advances in neuroscience ● click on the blue letter to pay attention to us ● immortality is an enduring topic.at present, it is certain that reasonable physical exercise can prolong life.exercise promotes brain function, in which BDNF plays a key bridge role: exercise promotes BDNF production in the brain, and then BDNF promotes hippocampal nerve regeneration and enhances synaptic plasticity.the early attempt of anti-aging by exchange transfusion can be traced back to 1983. Researchers at the University of Michigan obtained plasma from people after exercise and injected it into rats' peritoneum. It was found that rectal temperature increased and plasma iron and zinc concentrations decreased (1).in 2014, Tony Wyss Coray research team injected plasma from young mice into old mice, which enhanced cognitive ability of old mice and delayed aging (2). Since then, there have been more and more studies on the change of brain function by exchange transfusion.on July 10, 2020, the research team of Saul a. Villeda of the Department of anatomy of the University of California published an article in the journal Science, revealing that there is a magical factor gpld1 in the blood, which can transfer the anti-aging effect of exercise to the aged mice.the researchers trained 18 month old mice (old mice) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of exercise training, hippocampal neurogenesis was increased and learning and memory functions were improved.they tried to inject the blood of these trained old mice into the untrained old mice. Miraculously, these untrained mice also increased nerve regeneration and BDNF expression in the hippocampus DG area.in addition, the water maze test showed that the learning and memory abilities of the aged mice receiving plasma were enhanced.these results suggest that plasma can transfer the benefits of exercise to older mice,.what magical things are hidden in the plasma after these exercises to promote this transfer? By using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS), the researchers found that the expression of 30 kinds of blood factors in the blood of old mice after exercise was increased, and about 19 factors were mainly expressed in the liver. One of the factors called glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 (gpld1) came into the researchers' attention.the researchers detected the expression of gpld1 in liver, lung, fat, skin, kidney, muscle, cortex, hippocampus and other tissues, and found that gpld1 was most expressed in liver.overexpression of gpld1 in liver of aged mice by tail vein injection of virus increased nerve regeneration and BDNF expression in hippocampus.at the same time, it can also significantly improve the spatial memory and learning ability of aged mice.this indicates that the increase of gpld1 can alleviate the cognitive impairment caused by aging.can gpld1 in peripheral blood enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier? The gpld1 can be visualized in tissue with fluorescein.the results showed that the expression of gpld1 in hippocampus was very low after exercise, which was several orders of magnitude lower than that in liver. this indicates that gpld1 in peripheral blood is not easy to pass through BBB. since gpld1 does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, how does gpld1 indirectly affect the brain? The researchers found that after overexpression of liver gpld1, there were 20 kinds of substrate proteins that reacted with gpld1 in blood, and found that urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) signaling pathway was involved. uPAR is a membrane glycoprotein receptor, which is related to the cascade changes of coagulation and complement system, and is the substrate of glycosylphosphatidylinositol hydrophobic membrane anchor structure. therefore, after the gpld1 enzyme activity was changed by mutation, the related enzyme substrate concentration increased, but the BDNF level in the hippocampus did not increase, nor did it affect the regeneration of neurons in DG area. this result suggests that gpld1 may play an indirect role in the brain. in general, this paper reveals that the elderly brain has increased nerve regeneration after exercise, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is also enhanced. It is interesting that the benefits of this exercise can be transferred through blood components. References: 1. Endogenous pyrogen activity in human plasma after exercise 2. Villeda, S. A et al. Young blood reverses age related impairments in cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in mice. Nature Medicine, 659 – 663 (2014)