The latest development of extraction and separation technology of effective components of traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional extraction and separation methods of traditional Chinese medicine in the production of Chinese medicine preparation, the traditional extraction and separation methods are mainly organic solvent extraction, mainly including decocting method, reflux method, immersion method, percolation method, water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, alcohol extraction and water precipitation method, acid-base method, sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, salting out method, ion exchange method and crystallization method There are different formulas of traditional Chinese medicine, and its ingredients are very complex In terms of extracting effective ingredients, common extraction methods have problems such as affecting efficacy, complicated steps, high energy consumption, low purity, strict technical requirements, and large consumption of organic solvents, which are difficult to meet the needs of both the market supply and demand, and it is inevitable to withdraw from technical competition in the future In recent years, many new technologies have appeared in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine The application of these new technologies makes the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine not only conform to the traditional theory of traditional Chinese medicine, but also reduce the cost, improve the yield and purity of effective ingredients, promote the modernization process of traditional Chinese medicine, and lay the foundation for Chinese medicine to go to the international market Now the new technology of extraction and separation is introduced as follows (1) supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a method to extract the effective components of Chinese herbal medicine from liquid or solid by using supercritical fluid as extractant SFE technology has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, short production cycle, easy to find new active ingredients in natural plants, little loss of volatile components or destruction of physiological active substances, no solvent residue, and high product quality At the same time, the technology can be combined with other analytical separation technologies to analyze the components and determine the content of the extract and provide high-purity samples Compared with the traditional Soxhlet extraction method, supercritical CO has the advantages of short time and small volume consumption in the separation and purification of free cholesterol in egg food (2) ultrasonic extraction technology ultrasonic extraction technology UE is to use the cavitation effect of ultrasonic to accelerate the dissolution of effective components of plants In addition, secondary effects of ultrasonic, such as mechanical vibration, emulsification, diffusion, crushing, chemical effects, can also accelerate the diffusion and release of the components to be extracted and fully mix with the solvent for extraction The technology has the advantages of short extraction time, high yield, no need of heating, low temperature extraction is conducive to the protection of effective components Li et al Studied on the extraction of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv In the study of ultrasonic extraction conditions of apple polyphenols, Jin Ying et al Studied the ultrasonic method of apple polyphenols, and compared with the common solvent extraction method, found that the ultrasonic method has a higher extraction efficiency, up to 94.12% (3) microwave extraction of Ma was first proposed by ganzler in 1986 Microwave extraction refers to the technology and method of extracting various chemical components from natural medicinal plants, minerals and animal tissues by using suitable solvent in microwave reactor Due to the strong penetration of microwave, the internal and external parts of the reactant can be heated uniformly and rapidly at the same time, which can shorten the production time, reduce energy consumption, reduce the amount of solvent and waste, and improve the yield and purity of the extract It has been reported that microwave-assisted water extraction method is used to extract the saponins from dried Siraitia grosvenorii The results show that the extraction rate of this method is 7015%, 45% higher than that of conventional water extraction method, and 50% shorter time (4) membrane extraction and separation technology membrane extraction and separation technology is to achieve the separation of solute and solvent under the driving force of pressure, operate at room temperature, no phase change, low energy consumption Membrane technology, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, can realize the separation of substances in the original biological system environment, and can effectively concentrate and enrich products and effectively remove impurities Vincze et al Used membrane separation technology to collect the seabuckthorn juice of Chinese herbal medicine seabuckthorn, and further produced products such as instant tea CAI applied selective membrane to extract and separate betaine from betaine sample, the desalination rate reached 99.14%, and achieved excellent results (5) molecular distillation, also known as short-range distillation, is a relatively new liquid-liquid separation technology, especially suitable for the separation of high boiling point, heat sensitivity and oxide system It has the characteristics of distillation temperature lower than the boiling point of the material, low distillation pressure, short heating time, separation degree, etc it can greatly reduce the separation cost of the material with boiling point and protect the heat sensitive material The alcohol content of the finished wine was reduced from 11.5% to less than 0.5% by molecular distillation, and the flavor, taste and color of the original wine were kept to the greatest extent 3 The development direction of extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine is different in formula and composition, different extraction methods have different extraction rates for effective ingredients of different drugs, and their usage, dosage and extraction process conditions have great influence on the quality of finished products Therefore, different extraction methods should be selected according to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and desired target products, or the combination of multiple extraction methods, It is possible to retain the active components and improve the extraction efficiency of the effective components With the application of modern extraction technology of traditional Chinese medicine, the production of traditional Chinese medicine is bound to develop in the direction of clear process controlled products and strict quality, fundamentally improve the scientific and technological content of traditional Chinese medicine products, and make the traditional Chinese medicine field move forward in the direction of modernization, scientization, industrialization, refinement and standardization, so as to realize the leapfrog development of Chinese medicine industry.