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The latest data: China's liver cancer cases account for 45.3% of the world! How to prevent liver cancer?

 Last Update: 2022-10-20
 Source: Internet
 Author: User

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Primary liver cancer is currently a common malignant tumor and tumor fatal cause in China, mainly including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and HCC-ICC mixed three different pathological types
.
Among them, HCC accounts for 85%-90%.

A study published today in J Hepatol (impact factor 30.
083) assesses the current global burden of liver cancer, including morbidity and mortality
.

The current global burden of liver cancer - China accounts for 45.
3% of the world's liver cancer cases and 47.
1%
of liver cancer deaths The researchers included primary liver cancer data from 185 countries in 2020 from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, calculated age-standardized incidence and mortality (ASR) per 100,000 person-years, and estimated the projected incidence and mortality of liver cancer by 2040 based on liver cancer incidence and mortality
in 2020 and global population projections up to 2040.

The results show that in 2020, an estimated 905,700 people were diagnosed with liver cancer worldwide and 830,200 died of liver cancer
.
More than half of the estimated cases and deaths of liver cancer in the world occur in East Asia (54.
3% and 54.
1%, respectively), of which China accounts for 45.
3% of the world's liver cancer cases and 47.
1% of liver cancer deaths (Table 1).

Table 1 The estimated cases and deaths of primary liver cancer in 2020 and ASR
predict that the number of new cases of liver cancer will increase by 55.
0% per year between 2020 and 2040, and 1.
4 million people may be diagnosed with liver cancer and 1.
3 million people will die of liver cancer in 2040 (56.
4% more than in 2020).

。 The researchers point out that the primary prevention of liver cancer is the key to
reducing the global burden of liver cancer.

How to prevent liver cancer?
The goal of liver cancer prevention is to identify and eliminate risk factors
that contribute to the development and progression of chronic liver disease.
The Consensus on Secondary Prevention of Primary Liver Cancer (2021 Edition) puts forward the following grading concept for liver cancer prevention:
primary prevention
prevents the initial harm
of risk factors that can lead to liver cancer to the general population.
The precautions are as follows:

Hepatitis B preventive vaccination;
Cutting off transmission routes (e.
g.
, mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B);
Prevent exposure to carcinogens (e.
g.
, aflatoxin exposure).

The implementation of the seven-character policy of "managing water, grain and hepatitis" and the slightly supplemented preventive measures of "preventing hepatitis, managing grain and mildew, supplementing selenium in an appropriate amount, and improving drinking water" in areas with Chinese characteristics have achieved initial results;
Lifestyle changes (e.
g.
, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and diabetes).

Secondary prevention
targets people with chronic liver disease, controlling related causes and risk factors and screening and monitoring according to risk stratification to reduce or delay the occurrence of
liver cancer.
The precautions are as follows:

Treatment of
the cause.
The etiology of liver cancer in China is mainly chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, other causes include chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption, and associated diabetes, long-term consumption of aflatoxin contaminated food;
Anti-fibrotic therapy
.
The selection of anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs according to the characteristics of liver inflammation of different etiology and drug function can reduce the progression of the disease;
Control of risk factors, including viral infection, personal behavior, lifestyle, environment and genetics;
Screening and monitoring for
liver cancer.

After radical treatment of patients with liver cancer, tertiary prevention
takes further measures
to reduce the recurrence of liver cancer, reduce the mortality rate and improve the overall survival rate.
The precautions are as follows:

Treatment of anti-HBV/HCV and other causes;
Take comprehensive measures that can reduce the recurrence of liver cancer, reduce the mortality rate and improve the survival rate;
Monitor liver cancer recurrence and metastasis
.

References:1.
Hepatology Branch of Chinese Medical Association.
Consensus on secondary prevention of primary liver cancer (2021 edition)[J].
Journal of Clinical Hepatobiliary Diseases, 2021,37(03):532-542 2.
Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, et al.
Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040.
J Hepatol.
2022 Aug 27:S0168-8278(22)03022-7.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
jhep.
2022.
08.
021.
3.
Infection-related tumor prevention and control group of the Cancer Prevention and Control Professional Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Health Communication Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association.
Expert consensus on primary prevention of liver cancer in China (2018)[J].
Chinese Journal of Oncology, 2018,27(09):660-669 4.
Liver Cancer Professional Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association.
Guidelines for Integrative Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Oncology (CACA)-Liver Cancer Section[J].
Electronic Journal of Comprehensive Oncology, 2022, 8(3): 31-63 Guide Q&A mini-session

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