The latest CRISPR/Cas research advances in December 2020

December 28, 2020 /PRY/ / --- Genomics Editing Technology CRISPR/Cas9 has been listed by Science magazine as one of the top ten scientific advances of the year in 2013.
October, Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Institute for Pathogens in Germany and Dr. Jennifer A. Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley, were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their contributions to the editing of crispr-Cas9 genes.
CRISPR is short for regular interval clustered short reply repeat sequences, and Cas is short for CRISPR-related proteins.
crispr/Cas was originally found in bacteria, a defense system used by bacteria to identify and destroy invasions of antiphages and other pathogens.
images from Thomas Splettstoesser (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0).
November 26, 2018, Chinese scientist He Jiankui claimed that the world's first genetically edited baby ---a twin female baby--- was born in November.
he used CRISPR-Cas9, a powerful gene-editing tool, to modify one of the twins' genes so that they could naturally fight HIV infection when they were born.
is also the world's first immuno-AIDS gene-edited baby.
news quickly fermented on websites at home and abroad, triggering thousands of waves.
some scientists supportEd He's research, but more questioned, even condemned.
major CRISPR/Cas studies or findings in the coming December? The editor combed through this month's CRISPR/Cas research news for everyone to read.
1.Science Paper Interpretation! CiBER-seq has been developed to simultaneously analyze up to 100 genes in cells: 10.1126/science.abb9662CRISPR-Cas9 makes it easy to knock out or adjust individual genes to determine their effects on organisms or cells, or even another gene.
, what if you could do thousands of experiments at a time, use CRISPR to adjust each gene in the genome one by one, and quickly see the effects of each gene? In a new study, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have developed an easy way to do this, allowing anyone to analyze cells, including human cells, and quickly determine the DNA sequences in the genome that regulate the expression of specific genes.
study was published in the December 11, 2020 issue of the journal Science under the title "CiBER-seq dissects genetic networks by quantitative CRISPRi profiling of expression phenotypes."
the CiBER-seq principle diagram, pictured from Science, 2020, doi:10.1126/science.abb9662.
this new technology, known as CRISPR with barcoded expression reporter sequencing, by combining tens of thousands of CRISPR experiments and completing them at the same time.
technology eliminates fluorescence and uses deep sequencing to directly measure the increase or decrease in gene activity in the combined sample.
depth sequencing uses a new generation of high-volume, long-reading sequencing techniques to sequence and basically count all genes expressed in the combined sample.
2. Nucleic Acids Res: Two smaller new Cas9 nucleases found, promising easier genome editing doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa998 in a new study from the Russian Academy of Sciences Researchers at research institutions such as the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian National Research Center and the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology described two new compact Cas9 nucleases, the cutting-active components of the CRISPR-Cas system, which will have the potential to expand the use of cas9 toolboxes in genome editing.
one of these two Cas9 nucleases has been shown to work in human cells and can therefore be used in biomedical applications.
published in the December 2, 2020 issue of the Journal of Nucleic Acids Research under the title "PpCas9 from Pasteurella pneumotropica - a compact Type II-C Cas9 ortholog active in human cells."
the paper is Dr Konstantin Severinov of the Institute of Molecular Genetics at the Russian National Research Center.
they described two new types of small Cas9 nucleases: one from Defluviimonas sp.20V17, a bacterium that lives in a thermal nozzle, DfCas9, and the other from Pasteurella pneumotropica, a common bacteria found in rodents and other mammals, or PpCas9.
these two nucleases are small enough for AAV vectors and have relatively short PAMs, which is the "best of both worlds" option for Cas9 nucleases.
these two new Cas9 nucleases are associated with the TYPE II-C CRISPR-Cas system and typically behave as smaller Cas9 effects than SpCas9.
These two nucleases use a conservative bi-leaf structure similar to other Cas9 proteins, but also have unique characteristics: they lack several insert substructors and have a smaller Wedge domain (the domain responsible for interacting with the single wizard RNA stent) and are therefore more compact.
3.ScienceDaily: Detecting new crown virus doi:10.1126/ Sciadv.abe3703 According to a new study, a saliva-based portable smartphone platform provides an ultra-sensitive but easy-to-use method for COVID-19 testing, which can give test results in 15 minutes without the resource-intensive laboratory tests required by the current gold standard.
was tested in 12 COVID-19 infected people and 6 healthy controls.
results were published online December 11, 2020 in the journal Science Advances under the title "A smartphone-read ultrasensitive and quantitative saliva test for COVID-19".
Y. Hu of Duran University School of Medicine in the United States.
Hu and colleagues have confirmed that the technique pairs fluorescent microscope reading devices with smartphones to determine viral load from CRISPR/Cas12a tests, as effective as the proven quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method.
"We believe that similar smartphone platforms in the future have the potential to rapidly expand COVID-19 screening capabilities and potentially simplify contact tracking to improve local outbreak containment and provide information for regional disease control efforts," the authors wrote.
"4.Nature Sub-Journal: CRISPR-Cas9 system anti-CRISPR protein mediated to improve gene editing efficiency, while reducing off-target effect doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01340-2CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing may cause unwanted genetic changes.
In a new study, researchers from Hiroshima University in Japan and Tokyo Medical and Dental University have developed a promising fix that shuts down crispr-Cas9 gene editing until it reaches a critical cell cycle stage at which more precise repairs may occur.
based on these findings, they successfully demonstrated more accurate gene editing and inhibited u unthreal gene loss, insertion, or mutation known as off-target effects.
study was recently published in the Journal of Biology with the title "A cell cycle-dependent CRISPR-Cas9 activation system on on an anti-CRISPR protein show improved genome editing accuracy".
previously developed methods reported fewer off-target effects associated with CRISPR technology, the researchers said they tended to show less editorial efficiency. "Our goal is to develop ways to avoid off-target effects, one of the most challenging issues in genome editing," said
author of the paper and a professor at Hiroshima University's School of Biomedical and Health Sciences.
way to get us is to sculise with one arrow.
we can simultaneously improve the accuracy of genome editing and inhibit off-target effects.
"5. Heavy Cell Paper Details! Using CRISPR-Cas13a and smartphone cameras to quantitatively detect the new crown virus RNAdoi in 30 minutes: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.001 In a new study, the researchers outlined a CRISPR-based COVID-19 test technology that uses a smartphone camera to deliver accurate results in 30 minutes.
results were published online December 4, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 with CRISPR-Cas13a and mobile phone microscopy".
from Cell, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.001.
in this new test, cas13a protein is combined with a reported molecule that produces fluorescence during cutting and then mixed with a sample of patients from nasal swabs.
mixed samples are placed on a device connected to a smartphone.
if the sample contains SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Cas13 is activated and the reported molecule is cut, causing fluorescent signals to be produced.
then, a smartphone camera that basically became a microscope can detect fluorescence and report tested swabs as virus-positive.
Melanie Ott, co-author of the paper and director of the Glaston Virology Institute, said, "It has always been an urgent task for the scientific community not only to increase testing, but also to provide new test options."
we have developed test methods that provide fast, low-cost detection to help control the propagation of COVID-19.
"6.Nat Commun: Using AAV9-CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing is expected to remove HIV DNAdoi:10.1038/s41467-020-19821-7 Ape immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a virus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
in a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the Lewis-Katz School of Medicine at Tamp University in the United States and Duran University took an important step forward in HIV research: they successfully removed SIV from the genomes of non-human primates.
breakthrough brings them closer than ever to developing a cure for HIV infection in humans.
study was recently published in the journal Nature Communications under the title "CRISPR base editing of SIV proviral DNA in ART treated non-human primates".
<!--ewebeditor:page title"--" said Dr. Kamel Khalili, co-author of the > paper and director of the Center for Integrated Neuro-AIDS at the Lewis-Katz School of Medicine at The University of Tamp, "We have found for the first time that a single injection of our CRISPR gene-edited build, carried by adenopathic viruses (AAVs), can remove the SIV genome from infected cells in rhesus monkeys."
"7.Nat Commun: The new CRISPR-Cas9 variant improves the safety and effectiveness of gene editing Doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19842-2 In a new study, researchers from the University of Michigan School of Medicine in the United States found that using a new CRISPR-Cas9 variant that repairs DNA will improve the much-touted CRISPR-Cas9 variant