The key points you can't miss · Anesthesia Junior and Intermediate Test Center Intensive Lecture 03

Notes Guan Yong Typesetting Cheng Luona asked that in cervical anatomy, what is called Chaseignac's tubercle (carotid artery tubercle) is __________
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C6 pretransverse tubercle analysis: Chaseignac's tubercle is another name for C6 pretransverse tubercle (Figure 1)
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It can be palpated near the midsection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the cricoid cartilage
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Its surface is the carotid artery
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When massaging the carotid artery in a patient with supraventricular tachycardia, it is easy to compress it against this nodule
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Answer Figure 1 Anatomical relationship between the stellate ganglion and the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae The Chaseignac node is also a very useful body surface landmark in regional nerve blocks, such as stellate ganglion blocks
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The stellate ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion
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A common approach to stellate ganglion blocks involves palpating the C6 nodule, then gently pushing the carotid artery laterally, inserting the needle to reach the nodule, and injecting local anesthetic
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Body surface localization of deep cervical plexus blocks was also used in conjunction with Chaseignac's nodes
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Fig.
2 C6 transverse process under ultrasoundFig.
3 C7 transverse process under ultrasound Typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) generally have short transverse processes, with anterior and posterior tubercles, and transverse foramen for vertebral artery and vein to pass through.

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The C7 transverse process has a degenerated anterior tubercle, and the vertebral arteries and veins run lateral to the smaller transverse foramen
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Asked to auscultation and smell of moist rales on the right posterior chest wall at the level of chest 4, indicating that the affected lobe is most likely __________
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Right lower lobe analysis: The interpretation of chest auscultation sounds requires a deeper understanding of the anatomy of the lungs
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The lower lobes of both lungs extend up to the level of the T3 spinous process (Fig.
5), so all but the uppermost region of the back is the interior of the lung
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In the left chest, the entire anterior region is dominated by the left upper lobe, and the right anterior chest is dominated by the right upper lobe and a small portion of the right middle lobe
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The oblique fissure runs from front to back, so auscultation on the side of the chest can detect abnormal breath sounds in either lobe, depending on the level of auscultation
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The lingual lobe is the inferior branch of the upper lobe of the left lung, and neither lung has a posterior lobe
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Answer A medial view of right lung B bronchus and lung C medial view of left lung Figure 5 Q__________ nerve is located behind the medial malleolus
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Posterior tibial nerve analysis: Posterior tibial nerve is one of the 5 nerves that innervate the foot (Figure 6): 1) The posterior tibial nerve (a branch of the tibial nerve) innervates the heel and plantar, as well as most of the bones, Ligaments and muscles
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Located behind the medial malleolus, adjacent to the posterior tibial artery
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2) The superficial peroneal nerve (a branch of the common peroneal nerve) innervates the dorsum of the foot
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Located on the surface of the ankle extensor muscles
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3) The deep peroneal nerve (a branch of the common peroneal nerve) innervates the web between the first and second toes
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Located anterior to the tibia, adjacent to the dorsal artery of the foot
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4) The sural nerve (formed by the union of the medial sural cutaneous nerve, a branch of the tibial nerve, and the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, a branch of the common peroneal nerve), innervates the lateral surface of the foot
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On the outside of the Achilles tendon
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The saphenous nerve (a branch of the femoral nerve) innervates the medial malleolus and most of the medial border of the foot
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Anterior to the medial malleolus
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Answer Figure 6 The innervation of the ankle joint and the foot, the vertebral artery passes through the foramen magnum and enters the skull to form the _______ artery
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Analysis of the basilar artery: The basilar artery is formed by the fusion of two vertebral arteries after passing through the foramen magnum (Figure 7)
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The major cerebral arteries all originate from the circle of Willis
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The circle of Willis is supplied by both internal carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries
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Answer Figure 7 In addition, the anterior cerebral artery originates from the internal carotid artery
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The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries
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The posterior cerebral artery originates from the vertebrobasilar artery and is also supplied by the posterior communicating artery
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The posterior communicating artery connects the internal carotid artery and the posterior cerebral artery
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Medial branch block is often used to diagnose spinal facet pain
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The "medial branch" is the main sensory component of the ______ branch of the spinal nerve
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Posterior branch analysis: The human body has 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of thoracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, 5 pairs of sacral nerves and 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
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Each spinal nerve consists of anterior and posterior roots
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Both the anterior and posterior roots are composed of bundles of nerve fibers emanating from the spinal cord
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The dorsal root (posterior root) is connected to the dorsal root ganglia, mainly sensory neurons
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The ventral root (anterior root) mainly includes the descending motor pathway of the spinal cord
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In the thoracolumbar segment, the ventral root also contains the autonomic preganglionic fibers
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After emerging from the intervertebral foramen, the spinal nerve divides into the following parts: 1) primary dorsal rami (posterior rami); 2) primary ventral rami (anterior rami); 3) communicating rami (white and grey communicating rami), respectively From the spinal nerves and sympathetic trunk
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The primary dorsal branch contains the sensory medial and motor lateral branches
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Sensory medial branch blocks are commonly used for diagnostic treatment of the facet joints of the spine
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The primary ventral rami is larger than the primary dorsal rami, and mainly forms the intercostal nerves in the thoracic segment, and also includes the cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral plexuses
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ARecommended reading [Monday] Anesthesia Junior and Intermediate Test Center Intensive Lecture 01 [Monday] Key Points You Can't Miss · Anesthesia Junior and Intermediate Test Center Intensive Lecture 02 [Monday] Key Points You Can't Miss · Anesthesiology Senior Professional Title Test Center 01 [Monday] You The key points that cannot be missed · Anesthesiology senior professional title test center 02 Scan the code to pay attention to us in the inheritance of civilization, the role of books is unprecedented
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