The Instruction of (±)-Orphenadrine

Introduction

Orphenadrine is a synthetic alkaloid that is used in the treatment of pain and spasms.
It is commonly used to relieve muscle spasms caused by conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
This article will provide an overview of the instructions for the synthesis of (±)-Orphenadrine, including the necessary equipment, reagents, and synthesis steps.

Equipment and Reagents

The following equipment and reagents are needed for the synthesis of (±)-Orphenadrine:

1. 250 mL round-bottomed flask
2. 100 mL of toluene
3. 10 g of phenyl-2-propanamine
4. 5 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride
5. 100 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution
6. 50 mL of toluene
7. 5 g of sodium chloride

Synthesis Steps

Step 1: Preparation of the starting material

Phenyl-2-propanamine is a key starting material for the synthesis of (±)-Orphenadrine.
It can be synthesized by a two-step procedure that involves the reaction of 2-bromopropane with phenylamine in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting intermediate with hydrochloric acid.

Step 2: Hydroxylation of phenyl-2-propanamine

The next step is the hydroxylation of phenyl-2-propanamine to produce hydroxylamine.
This can be achieved by adding hydroxylamine hydrochloride to a solution of phenyl-2-propanamine in toluene, followed by the addition of a small amount of sodium chloride.
The reaction is typically carried out at room temperature, and the mixture is allowed to stir for several hours.

Step 3: Nitrosation of hydroxylamine

The next step is the nitrosation of hydroxylamine to produce nitrosonornicotine.
This can be achieved by adding