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Nelarabine is a chemotherapy drug that is used to treat certain types of cancer, including T-cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.
It is a synthetic analog of the natural product, ethyl 3-methylthiopropionate, which is derived from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
The drug is administered intravenously, and its mechanism of action is related to its ability to inhibit the activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS1), which is involved in the synthesis of porphyrins and heme.
By inhibiting ALAS1, nelarabine causes an accumulation of precursor substrates, leading to a decrease in the production of porphyrins and heme, which are essential for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells.
The use of nelarabine in the treatment of cancer is supported by clinical trial data, which has shown that the drug can improve survival in patients with T-cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.
However, the drug is also associated with certain side effects, including neurotoxicity, which can lead to peripheral neuropathy and other neurologic symptoms.
In order to ensure the safe and effective use of nelarabine in the treatment of cancer, it is important to follow the instructions for its use carefully.
This includes being aware of the drug's dosage, administration, and any precautions or warnings that should be taken.
The instructions for the use of nelarabine typically include the following:
- Dosage: The recommended dose of nelarabine is 1.
25 mg/kg administered intravenously over 1 hour every 8 hours for a total of 5 days.
The drug should be diluted in 0.
9% sodium chloride before administration. - Administration: Nelarabine should be administered by a healthcare professional in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or clinic.
The drug should be given intravenously, using an infusion pump or other device to control the rate of administration. - Precautions: Nelarabine can cause neurotoxicity, which can lead to peripheral neuropathy and other neurologic symptoms.
Patients should be monitored for signs of neurotoxicity, including numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hands or feet, and should report any such symptoms to their healthcare provider. - Warnings: Nelarabine can cause hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.
Patients should be monitored for signs of hypersensitivity, including dyspnea, chest pain, or hypotension, and should report any such symptoms to their healthcare provider. - Interactions: Nelarabine can interact with other drugs, including antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals.
Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking, as these interactions can increase the risk of side effects or reduce the effectiveness of the drugs. - Adverse reactions: Nelarabine can cause a number of adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and anemia.
Patients should report any side effects to their healthcare provider, as these effects can be managed with appropriate treatment.
In conclusion, nelarabine is an effective chemotherapy drug that is used to treat certain types of cancer.
The instructions for its use should be followed carefully to ensure safe and effective treatment, and patients should be monitored for signs of neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and other side effects.
Healthcare providers should also be aware of the drug's potential interactions with other medications, and should inform patients of the risks and benefits of its use.
