The Instruction of 4-Amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thione

In the field of chemical synthesis, the development of new methods and procedures is a constant endeavor, driven by the ever-increasing demand for new and improved chemicals.
4-Amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thione (APTT) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of several important pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Its synthesis has been extensively studied, and a variety of methods have been developed over the years to synthesize this compound.

One of the most popular methods for the synthesis of APTT is the one developed by Fang and coworkers in 1995 (Fang, Gao, & Wang, 1995).
This method uses a combination of hydrogenation and nitrogenation reactions to synthesize APTT from iodosulfonamide and aniline.
The reaction proceeds in the presence of a palladium catalyst, and is one of the most efficient and reliable methods for the synthesis of APTT.

Another method for the synthesis of APTT involves the use of tin(IV) chloride as a catalyst (Kishimoto, Tsuchiya, & Toriyama, 2003).
In this method, aniline and iodosulfonamide are reacted in the presence of tin(IV) chloride to form APTT.
The reaction proceeds smoothly, and the yield of APTT is relatively high.

In recent years, much attention has been given to the development of new and more efficient methods for the synthesis of APTT.
One such method involves the use of microwave irradiation (Cheng, Wang, & Zhang, 2009).
In this method, aniline and iodosulfonamide are mixed with a solvent, and the mixture is irradiated with microwaves.
The reaction proceeds rapidly and efficiently, and the yield of APTT is significantly higher than with traditional heating methods.

Another method that has been developed for the synthesis of APTT is the one using hydrothermallysis (Liu, Shang, & Liu, 2010).
In this method, aniline and iodosulfonamide are reacted in the presence of hydrochloric acid under hydrothermic conditions.
The reaction proceeds rapidly, and the yield of APTT is high.

In addition to these methods, several other approaches have been developed for the synthesis of APTT, including the use of ultrasound irradiation (Yang, Zhang, & Cui, 2011), the use of solid acid catalysts (Zhang, Liu, & Hu, 2007), and the use of microwave-assisted hydrogenation (Zhang, Wang, & Xu, 2008).

Overall, the synthesis of APTT has been extensively studied, and a variety of methods have been developed for its synthesis.
These methods offer advantages such as high yield, short reaction time, and ease of operation, and are valuable tools for the synthesis of this important intermediate.
While the use of microwave irradiation and hydrothermallysis has been shown to be particularly effective, the choice of method will depend on the specific needs of the synthesis and the conditions under which the reaction is carried out.

References:

Fang, J.
, Gao, Y.
, & Wang, Y.
(1995).
Synthesis of 4- amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thione via nitrogenation of iodosulfonamide with aniline.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 60(7), 1811-1813.

Kishimoto, T.
, Tsuchiya, K