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Psychostimulants are often used to treat mental disorders or improve cognitive abilities, but the benefits of these drugs vary for everyone because their effects vary
greatly between individuals and within the same patient.
The researchers validated the hypothesis that the effect of methylphenidate on reward- or punishment-based learning depends on the baseline level
of dopamine in a person's brain.
Striatal dopamine dissociates methylphenidate effects on value-based versus surprise-based reversal learning